Criminal Justice Administration Test 1

Criminal Justice Administration Test 1 Chain of Command - organizational structure based on a military model with clear definition of ranks to indicate authority over subordinates and obligations to obey order from superiors Community Policing - approach to policing that emphasizes close personal contact between police and citizens and the inclusion of citizens in efforts to solve problems, including vandalism, disorder, youth misbehavior, and crime FBI special agents - The sworn law enforcement officers in the FBI who conduct investigations and make arrests Frankpledge - system required that groups of 10 families, called tithings, agree to uphold the law, keep order, and bring violators to a court Intelligence-led policing - an approach to policing, in conjunction with concerns about homeland security, that emphasizes gathering and analyzing information to be shared among agencies in order to develop cooperative efforts to identify, prevent, and solve problems Law enforcement certification - preservice training required for sworn officers in many states, which includes coursework on law, use of weapons, psychology, and police procedures. Police departments for state and large cities often run training programs called police academies for their own recruits legalistic style - style of policing that emphasizes strict enforcement of laws and reduces officers' authority to handle matters informally order maintenance - the police function of preventing behavior that disrupts or threatens to disturb the public peace or that involves face-to-face conflict between two or more people. In such situations, the police exercise discretion in deciding whether a law had been broken patrol units - the core operational units of local police departments that deploy uniformed officers to handle the full array of police functions for service, order maintenance, and law enforcement police bureaucracy - the organizational description of police departments' design and operation that seek to achieve efficiency through division of labor, chain of command, and rules guide staff problem-oriented policing - community policing strategy that emphasized solving problems of disorder in a neighborhoods that may contribute to fear of crime and to crime itself service - the police function of providing assistance to the public for many matters unrelated to crime as well as for crime prevention education service style - style of policing in which officers cater to citizens' desire for favorable treatment and sensitivity to individual situations by using discretion to handle minor matters in ways that seek to avoid embarrassment or punishment sheriff - (political era) top law enforcement official in county government who was an exceptionally important police official during the country's westward expansion and continues to beat primary responsibility for many local jails slave patrols - developed as organized forces to prevent slave revolts and to catch runaway slaves in the South (colonial era) socialization - the process by which the rules, symbols, and values of a group pr subculture are learned by its members special units - units within local police departments that deploy officers, often in plain clothes if not assigned to the traffic unit, who are dedicated to a specific task, such as investigation, or type of crime, such as narcotics enforcement subculture - the symbols, beliefs, values, and attitudes shared by members of a subgroup of the larger society U.S. marshals - (political era) federal law enforcement officials appointed to handle duties in western territories and today bear responsibility for providing federal court security and apprehending fugitives watch system - (colonial era) the practice of assigning individuals to night observation duty to warn the public of fires and crime; first introduced to the American colonies in Boston and late evolved into a system of paid, uniformed police watchman style - style of policing that emphasizes order maintenance and tolerates minor violations of law as officers use discretion to handle small infractions informally but make arrests for major violations working personality - a set of emotional and behavioral characteristics developed by members of an occupational group in response to the work situation and environmental influences law enforcement - the police function of controlling crime by interviewing in situations in which the law has clearly been violated and the police need to identify and apprehend the guilty person aggressive patrol - a patrol strategy designed to maximize the number of police interventions and observations in the community civilian review board - Citizens' committee formed to investigate complaints against the police clearance rate - the percentage of crimes known to the place that they believe they have solved through an arrest; a statistic used to measure a police department's productivity Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) - Nonprofit organization formed by major law enforcement executives' associations to develop standards for police policies and practice; on request, will review police agencies and award accreditation upon meeting those standards community crime prevention - programs through which criminal justice officials cultivate relationships with and rely on assistance from citizens in preventing crime and apprehending offenders within neighborhoods CompStat - Approach to crime prevention and police productivity measurement pioneered in NYC and then adopted in other cities that involves frequent meetings among police supervisors to examine