BSNC-1000 - Module 1 Latest Update with Verified Solutions

BSNC-1000 - Module 1 Latest Update with Verified Solutions Health - State of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity - An old English word meaning "whole of body" - Negative perspective: maximum health to death on a continuum - Positive perspective: health and illness are distinct but interrelated - WHO simplified definition: health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Compare and contrast varied perspectives on health. - There is more global consensus on what is poor health than what is good health - Homeostasis: Maintenance of physiological, functional & social norms leading to adaptation & homeostasis - Human Potential: Actualization of human potential through goal-directed behaviour, competent self-care & satisfying relationships with others; having a sense of purpose - Harmony: Adjustment to maintain structural integrity and harmony with relevant environments; feeling connected to one's community Compare & contrast perspectives on community in relation to health Community o People and relationships o Share = agencies, institutions, physical environment o Defined by: Geography Common interest or focus Shared status or special interest group Political boundaries Can be a client (e.g. provincial health flu clinic for people 65 and older) Within a community... o Population: refers to a large group of people who have at least E.g., BCIT students o Aggregate E.g., Students in BSN program o Cohort: time in common E.g., September 2019 BSN students Define the concept of Population Health Measured by determinants of health &; health status indicators An approach to health that aims to improve the health of an entire population and looking at inequities in terms of health Improves the health of populations & decreased inequities Scope consists of t 5 elements (think of these as clients) Sub components of Population Health -Health promotion It is the prevention of injury and disease that uses critical thinking to create change Individuals must adopt healthy living practices and change their behaviours WHO defines as: process of enabling people to gain control over and improve their health Health promotion includes: Health Wellness Disease illness -Illness and injury prevention - Chronic Disease Management (CDM) -Epidemiology Define the determinants of health and the social determinants of health. - DoH: are factors that influence the risk for or distribution of health outcomes - SDoH: encompasses health determinants with a societal focus and responsibility = zones in on the political, economic and social forges that shape policy decisions 5 Elements of Population Health (scope) Individuals groups families communities populations Determinants of health Income and social status Social support networks Education and literacy employment/working conditions Social environment Physical environment Personal health practices and coping skills healthy child development Biology and genes Health services Gender Culture Social Determinants of Health The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, shaped by the distribution of money, power, and resources at global, national, and local levels income/income distribution Education employment/working condition Early life Food insecurity Housing Health services Social exclusion Social safety net unemployment//job security Indigenous status Gender Race Disability Disease - Objective state of ill health & pathological process detected by medical science - Abnormal changes in structure or functioning of the human body = medical model - Follows an identifiable progression known as the course of a disease Medical Diagnosis VS Nursing Diagnosis Medical Diagnosis (Dr. NP) Nursing Diagnosis MD / NP Strict protocol as previous slide Declares that an individual has a medical diagnosis or a disease Nurses [non-NPs] Describe health care problems via clinical judgement Analysis: 1) strengths, 2) actual problems, 3) potential problems Flows into Practice of Nursing 1 KEY: nurses do NOT diagnose a medical condition or a disease, unless they are a nurse practitioner! Primary Prevention Activities that try to prevent occurrence of disease/injury Aimed towards individuals, groups and populations that are susceptible Secondary Prevention Activities that try to detect disease early on in the progression in order to diagnose and tx Screening is key to secondary prevention The aim is for early detection and tx Tertiary prevention Activities that take place during middle and late progression Goal is to interrupt course of the disease and reduce disability and begin rehabilitation Chronic Disease Management The ability to equip the client to manage their conditions as best as they can, it involves client education It is client-centred, integrated across different health care sectors, targets several avenues of a clients life Epidemiology The study of populations in terms of health of a population and what preventions to take Either descriptive or analytical Description: who, what, where, when (place, time, person) Analytical: examines the cause of disease and the determinant of health Epidemiological measures Morbidity: DISEASE- occurrence of disease in population Mortality: DEATH- the number of deaths in a population, which helps to understand health issues in a population and what required health services are needed Epidemiological triad to hand washing Host: Hands Agent: Bacteria on hands Environment: Hospital Epidemiological Tirade -Agent: factor (animate or inanimate) that must be present or lacking for a disease or condition to develop Biologic (bacteria, virus), chemical (poison, alcohol, smoke), physical (trauma, radiation, fire), nutritional (lack, excess) -Host: living species capable of being infected or affected by an agent Age, sex, race, genetic profile, previous diseases, immune stats, religion, customs, occupation, marital status, family background -Environment: all that is internal or external to a given host or agent and that is influenced by and influences the host and the agent o Temperature, humidity, altitude o Crowding, housing, neighbourhood o Water, milk, food o Radiation, pollution, noise o Access to care o Working conditions web of causation Interrelationship of factors that interacts with one another to increase or decrease the risk of a disease chain of infection infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host Infectious agent: ie; bacteria, fungi, virus The potential for an organism to cause a disease depends on the number of organisms, virulence (ability to cause a problem in host), entering and surviving host, susceptibility of host Reservoir: area where pathogen can survive (may or may not multiply here) To thrive the pathogen needs: food, little/more 02, good temperature/pH, minimal light Portal of exit: pathogen needs to find way out to enter the host Modes of transmission: ie; health care providers hands Portal of entry: ie; break on skin Susceptible host: depends on the individual degree of resistance to the pathogen