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Fieldcraft 1 2024/2025 already graded A+
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Fieldcraft 1 2024/2025 already graded A+
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Fieldcraft 1what are 3 preventable causes of death on battlefield? - ANS1. hemorrhage (90% died from)
2. tension pneumothorax (2% died from)
3. airway obstruction (8% died from)
what are 3 locations of wounds on battlefield and the percentages of each one - ANS1.
extremities (60%)
2. head/neck (25%)
3. torso (9%)
what is the leading cause of death on battlefield and the percentages of each category? -
ANShemorrhage is leading cause of death
categories of hemorrhage
-extremity (13.5%)
-junctional (19.2%)
-truncal (67.3%)
what are combat wounds are predominantly due to? - ANSpenetrating trauma
what are civilian wounds are predominantly due to? - ANSblunt trauma
what are 3 tactical indications for spinal immobilization? - ANS-motor vehicle crashes
-falls > 15ft
-IED blast involving MRAP vehicle
MRAP = mine resistant ambush protected (picture)
when is battlefield CPR *not* appropriate? - ANScasualty has sustained blast or penetrating
trauma with no signs of life
when *might* battlefield CPR be appropriate? - ANScasualty loses vital signs and is close to
definitive care facility with penetrating trauma (brief periods of CPR may be beneficial)
in a combat environment, what 3 non-traumatic disorders should CPR be considered for? -
ANS-hypothermia
-near-drowning
-electrocution
describe the levels of blast injuries - ANSprimary
-*due to wave itself*
,secondary
-*caused by debris or shrapnel from explosion*
tertiary
-*impact with another object*
-casualty blown into a solid object and suffers blunt force trauma
during the primary level of blast injuries, how are hallow organs affected? - ANS-lungs
(pulmonary hemorrhage with hypoxia)
-colon (ruptured colon with hemorrhage and fecal contamination of peritoneum)
-stomach (gastric hemorrhage with shock)
-middle ear/ eardrum (tympanic membrane rupture)
what are 2 types of significant penetrating trauma MOIs? - ANSballistics and blast injuries
what are some distinct characteristics of ballistic injuries? - ANS-caused by projectiles that
penetrate casualty (typically bullets or shrapnel and debris from explosions)
-causes significant tissue disruption and hemorrhage when a bone is struck
-discrete entrance wounds (hard to detect)
-irregular, unpredictable wound paths
-require assessment for exit wound due to high kinetic energy of projectile
what is the greatest concern with inhalation burns? - ANSgreatest concern is airway edema
(be prepared to perform surgical cricothyroidotomy)
what is the most significant obstacle a combat medic faces? - ANSenemy fire
what are 5 factors influencing care on the battlefield? - ANS1. enemy fire
2. limited medical equipment
3. widely variable evacuation times
4. tactical considerations
5. casualty transportation
what does the "x" refer to? - ANSthe place where casualty went down or was wounded in battle
(AKA "hot spot" or "point of wounding" or immediate danger area)
who decides if casualties will be evacuated? - ANStactical leader
what skills is a soldier trained with Warrior Tasks capable of performing? - ANS1. open airway
by positioning
2. insert NPA
3. hemorrhage control
,what skills is a soldier trained with Combat Life Saver (CLS) capable of performing? - ANS1.
open airway by positioning
2. insert NPA
3. hemorrhage control
4. occlusive dressing and perform needle chest decompression
(must go through 40hr course)
where should medic get supplies from to treat casualty and why? - ANSget supplies from
casualties IFAK to decrease load medic must carry in aid bag
what an indication for fluid resusciatation? - ANSabsent radial pulses
what analgesics should be administered for casualty in mild-moderate pain? - ANS-650ml
Tylenol PO 2 pills every 8 hours
-15mg Mobic PO once a day
what analgesics should be administered for casualty in moderate-severe pain *without* signs of
shock or respiratory distress? - ANS-800ug Fentanyl (OTFC) transbuccally
what analgesics should be administered for casualty in moderate-severe pain *with* signs of
shock or respiratory distress? - ANS-20mg Ketamine IV/IO pushed slowly over 1 min every 20
min
-50mg Ketamine IN/IM every 30 min
what are 2 end-point indications of Ketamine administration? - ANS1. control of pain
2. development of nystagmus (rhythmic back and forth movement of eyes)
if IV access has been attained, what is an alternative to OTFC? - ANSIV morphine
-15mg diluted in 5cc's of sterile solution repeated every 10 min
what medication can be administered as needed for nausea or vomiting? - ANSZofran
(Ondansetron)
-4-8mg every 6 hours IV/IO/IM
you should remove the casualty's weapon from them after the administration of what 3
medications? - ANS-OTFC
-Ketamine
-Morphine
what 2 medications can worsen a sever TBI (traumatic brain injury)? - ANS-Ketamine
-OTFC (fentanyl)
when should antibiotics be administered? - ANSfor all open wounds
, what antibiotic should be administered for casualty that can swallow and take medication via
PO? - ANS400mg Moxifloxacin PO once a day
what antibiotic should be administered for casualty that is unconscious, in shock, can't swallow,
or can't take medication via PO? - ANS-1g Ertapenem IV/IM once a day
OR
-2mg Cefotenan slow push 3-5min IV/IM every 12 hours
Should antibiotics be given to casualty that only has burns? - ANSno
Should antibiotics be given to casualty that has burns and penetrating trauma? - ANSyes
what is a WALK and where is it stored? - ANSwarrior aid and litter kit, stored on ground vehicles
what is the only injectable hemostatic agent? - ANSTranexamic Acid (TXA)
-1g TXA via IV diluted in 100cc of saline pushed slowly over 8-10min within first 3 hours of initial
injury
what type of medication is Tranexamic Acid (TXA)? - ANSantifibrinolytic (prevents breakdown of
clots)
what is a medics best tool for internal bleeding? - ANStranexamic acid (TXA)
what are 4 indications for administering Tranexamic Acid (TXA)? - ANS-hemorrhagic shock
-amputation(s)
-torso trauma
-evidence of severe bleeding
what happens if you fast push Tranexamic Acid (TXA)? - ANScauses hypotension
what are the 8 tactical PPE? - ANS-interceptor body armor (IBA)
-deltoid and axillary protection system (DAPS)
-small arms protective inserts (SAPI plates)
-advanced combat helmet (ACH)
-army combat shirt (ACS)
-gloves
-ballistic eye protection (eye pro)
-combat earplugs (ear pro)
what tactical PPE will stop 9mm bullets and contains panels covering front, back, sides, neck,
and join - ANSInterceptor body armor (IBA)
what tactical PPE attaches to the IBA to protect shoulders and axilla - ANSdeltoid and axillary
protection system (DAPS)
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