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A-Level History Cold War 2024/2025 already graded A+
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A-Level History Cold WarDefine Communism - ANSAll businesses and farms owned by state on behalf of the people.
Goods distributed by the state. Everyone working for the collective good. No need for a range of
parties, only one.
Define Capitalism - ANSIndividuals compete and encouraged to work hard for reward. Range of
parties and importance of freedom.
What and when was the Tehran Conference? - ANS1943, Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill.
- war: second front not yet launched.
- Germany: no agreement, but did agree on "unconditional surrender". Need for weak Germany.
- Poland: Stalin wanted to secure borders against future invasions by taking land in Poland.
Agreed as Poland took land from Germany. Ensured future tensions between Germany and
Poland.
- creation of United Nations
What happened during the Yalta conference? - ANS1945, Stalin, Roosevelt & Churchill.
- Germany would be demilitarised and split into four zones. $20 billion in reparations, 50% to
USSR.
- Stalin promised free elections in Europe in exchange for territory.
What happened during the Potsdam Conference? - ANS1945, Stalin, Truman and Attlee.
Truman much tougher toward USSR.
- dealt with Germany individually in own zones.
- US leadership unhappy about Percentages Agreement made casually between UK and
Soviets.
- Difficult for West to stop soviet control as the Red Army were physically in EEurope.
- Nagasaki and Hiroshima bombs, made Soviets feel isolated and threatened.
How did tensions grow between the Bolshevik Revolution (1917) and World War Two (1939)? -
ANS- intervention of west in civil war through support of the whites
- USSR did not receive diplomatic recognition or join League of Nations until 1934
- appeasement of hitler motivated by fear of communism
- Non-Agression Pact allowed Nazis to focus on attacking the west
How did tensions grow during the war? - ANS- West sent aid to the USSR but they wanted
more, in particular a second front in Europe to take the pressure off the USSR. The Allies
agreed but only when the time was right. Stalin felt they are delaying in the hopes of weakening
the USSR.
, What were salami tactics? - ANSHow soviets enforced control. Stage 1, soviets supervised
organisation of governments, Stage 2, parties sliced off, Stsge 3, only communist core left and
leader replaced by Moscow trained people.
How were salami tactics used in Poland? - ANSPolish Peasant Party had 246 candidates
disqualified so Communists became strongest party.
How did instability in Greece and Turkey raise tensions? - ANSRebellions that British believed
to be backed by Soviets. Disregard for percentages agreement.
What was Kennans Long Telegram? 1946 - ANSA telegram which shaped American foreign
policy toward the Soviets. Key idea being soviets were insecure, viewed outside as hostile to
justify cruel system, fantastically hostile to west but suicidal. Logic of force argument hardened
U.S. policy.
What was the Novikov telegram? - ANSSoviet ambassador said America was striving for world
supremacy.
What was Churchills iron curtain speech? - ANS1946, referring to continued soviet control in
Europe despite Yalta agreements. Stalin saw it as a call to war and the USSR withdrew from the
International Monetary Fund, stepped up western propaganda, intimates five year economic
plan to strengthen self.
What was the Truman Doctrine? - ANSKey ideas put forward by Truman. America had the
obligation to support free peoples who were resisting subjugation by outside pressures.
What had been American foreign policy before the Doctrine? - ANSIsolationist.
What pushed the Truman Doctrine? - ANSThe British could no longer support the Greek
government resisting Communist guerrillas as they were £3000 million in debt (feb1947).
America then sent aid and military advisors to Greece.
How did the soviets see the Truman doctrine? - ANSAttempt to expand US sphere of influence.
What was the Marshall Plan? - ANSEconomic extensions of Truman Doctrine by General
George Marshall.
The aims were to revive European economies and safeguard the future of the U.S. Economy.
$17 billion.
Why did the Soviets feel excluded - ANSAid required USA to investigate the financial records.
The soviets would never allow this.
What triggered the Marshall Plan? - ANSBill passed in March 1948 after the Czech Coup.
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