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Biology CCEA AS Level 1.2 (Enzymes) 2024/2025 already graded A+
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Biology CCEA AS Level 1.2 (Enzymes) 2024/2025 already graded A+
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Biology CCEA AS Level 1.2 (Enzymes)What are enzymes? - ANSGlobular proteins that act as catalysts inside living organisms
What does a catalyst do? - ANSAlters the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing
permanent changes itself
What is activation energy? - ANSThe minimum amount of energy needed to start a reaction
What is an exothermic reaction? - ANSOne in which heat is given out
What do enzymes do to activation energy? - ANSThey reduce it
What is the structure of an enzyme? - ANS- Proteins with a tertiary structure
What is the active site? - ANSThe region of an enzyme where the substrate fits
What are enzyme break down reactions known as? - ANSCatabolic reactions
What are enzyme build up reactions known as? - ANSAnabolic reactions
What are the two models of enzyme action? - ANS- The lock and key model
- The induced fit model
What is the lock and key model? - ANSEnzymes are specific to the substrate they bind too.
What is the induced fit model? - ANSThe active site molds around the substrate to form the
enzyme-substrate complex.
What are cofactors? - ANSNon-protein substances that enzymes require in order to function
What are conenzymes? - ANSNon-protein organic molecules necessary for enzyme action
which are not permanently attached to the enzyme
How does temperature affect enzyme activity? - ANSAs temperature increases up to the
optimum the molecules gain more kinetic energy so move faster and more enzyme-substrate
complexes are formed and rate or reaction increases but once optimum temperature has been
exceeded the enzyme molecule vibrate so much that the H bonds holding the tertiary structure
together break and the active size changes shape, meaning the enzyme has become denatured
How does pH affect enzyme activity? - ANSEach enzyme has an optimum pH. Changing pH
alters the charges on the amino acids in the active site of the enzyme meaning the substrate
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