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Mark Klimek NCLEX Review - Lecture Notes 2024/2025 already graded A+
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Mark Klimek NCLEX Review - Lecture Notes 2024/2025 already graded A+
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MarkKlimek
NCLEX
Review
-
Lecture
Notes
•
ABGs
(identifying
&
cause)
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Rule
of
the
B's:
If
the
____
and
the
_____
are
______
in
the
same
direction
then
it
is
meta_____
pH,
Bicarb,
Both,
Bolic
Brainpower
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Compensated
v.s.
Partially
Compensated
COMPENSATED:
pH
will
be
within
the
normal
range
(body
has
corrected
the
problem)
PARTIALLY
COMPENSATED:
pH
is
not
normal.
Look
at
the
system
that
is
supposed
to
fix
the
problem
(if
you
have
a
respiratory
problem,
the
metabolic
system
will
try
to
compensate
and
vice
versa)
and
see
if
it
is
abnormal,
which
means
it
is
trying
to
compensate
•
If
YES,
then
you
have
PARTIAL
compensation
•
If
NO,
then
you
have
UNCOMPENSATION
As
the
_______
goes,
so
goes
_______
except
for
_______ pH,
my
patient,
potassium
Up
(alkalosis)
Hyperkalemia,
Hypertension,
Tachycardia,
Tachypnea,
Diarrhea,
Seizures,
Irritability,
Spastic,
Tentany,
Borborygme,
Hyperreflexia,
etc.
Down
(acid)
Hyperkalemia,
Hypotension,
Bradycardia,
Bradypnea,
Constipation,
Coma,
-
Arrest,
Lethargic,
Absent
bowel
sounds,
Flacid,
etc.
MAC
Kussmaul
The
only
acid
base
to
cause
Kussmaul
respirations
is
Metabolic
ACidosis
(Note:
does
not
follow
rule
as
it
is
not
a
symptom
but
a
compensation
mechanism.)
Causes
of
acid-base
imbalances:
First
ask
yourself,
"Is
it
_______?"
If
yes,
then
it's
_______.
Then
ask
yourself:
"Are
they
_______
or
_______.
If
_______,
pick
_______.
If
_______,
pick
_______
lung
=
respiratory
overventilating
or
underventilating
overventilating
=
alkalosis
underventilating
=
acidosis
(Note:
generally
respiration
rate
does
not
correlate
to
ventilation
but
SaO2
DOES.)
Causes
of
acid-base
imbalances:
If
it's
not
lung,
then
it's
_______. If
the
patient
has
_______
_______
vomiting
or
suction,
pick
_______.
For
everything
else
that
isn't
lung,
pick
_______
_______.
When
you
don't
know
what
to
pick,
choose
______
______.
not
lungs
=
metabolic
prolonged
gastric
vomiting
or
suction
=
alkalosis
metabolic
acidosis
metabolic
acidosis
Ventilator
Alarms
-
HIGH
pressure:
Triggered
by
_______
resistance
to
air
flow.
Caused
obstructions
of
three
types:
1.
_______
[action]
2.
_______
[action]
3.
_______
[action]
increased
1.
kinked
tube
[unkink]
2.
water
in
tube
[empty]
3.
mucus
in
airway
[cough
+
deep
breathe]
Ventilator
Alarms
-
LOW
pressure:
Triggered
by
_______
resistance
to
air
flow.
Caused
by
disconnections:
1.
_______
[action]
2.
_______
[action]
decreased
1.
tubing
[reconnect
it]
2.
oxygen
sensor
tube
[reconnect,
UNLESS
tube
is
on
the
floor
or
below
bed
then
bag
them
&
call
RT]
Respiratory
alkalosis
means
ventilator
settings
may
be
too
_______.
Respiratory
acidosis
means
ventilator
settings
may
be
too
_______.
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