GRE psychology practice question with complete verified solutions.

Acetycholine neurotransmitter associated with voluntary movement, sleep and wakefulness. Too little is associated with Alzheimer's Analysis of Variance/ANOVA inferential statistical procedure used to compare 2 or more means to see if the difference is not chance (need p<.05 for statistical significance) 6 Ways to Show Appreciation for Your Child's Teacher Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:13 / 0:54 Full screen Aphasia impairment of ability to communicate either through oral or written discourse as a result of brain damage. Ex. Wernicke's ________ or Broca's __________ Optimum Arousal Theory Theory stating that we are motivated by our innate desire to maintain an personally preferred level of arousal. Broca's Aphasia Loss of function associated with damage to a specific area of the left frontal lobe, demonstrated by impairment in producing understandable speech. Egocentric young child's inability to understand another person's perspective - typical of Piaget's preoperational stage Concrete Operational Stage According to Piaget - stage of cognitive development where child between ages of 7 and 12 begins thinking more globally and outside of the self but are still deficient in abstract thought. Construct Validity Validity answers the question of whether or not the measuring device actually measures the theoretical idea under question. Convergence Binocular cue to distance referring to fact that the closer an object is, the more inward our eyes need to turn in order to focus Dopamine Hypothesis Theory that schizophrenia is caused by an excess amount of dopamine in brain. Research has found that medication to reduce dopamine can reduce the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Endorphins neurotransmitter involved in pain relief, and feelings of pleasure and contentedness. Epinephrine neurotransmitter involved in energy and glucose metabolism. External Validity The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population. Factor Analysis A statistical technique used combine data into similar groups Frequency Effect The phenomenon in memory which states that we tend to remember information better if it is repeated. Formal Operational Stage Piaget's fourth and final stage of cognitive development where thinking becomes more abstract. 12+ years Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis Theory arguing that aggression is the natural reaction to frustration. g factor Basic intelligence of Spearman's theory. Typically compared to s which represents specific intelligences. Gender Identity Internal sense of being either male or female. Usually congruent with biological gender, but not always. Hawthorne Effect Phenomenon that subject behavior changes by mere fact that they are being observed. Introspection The process of examining one's own consciousness used by Structuralists and Functionalist researchers Legitimate Power Power derived through one's position, such as a police officer or elected official. Motive Internal states that provide direction for one's behaviors. Norepinephrine neurotransmitter associated with eating and alertness. Too little has been associated with depression in addition to serotonin Overlearning A technique used to improve memory where info is learned to the point that it can be repeated without mistake more than one time. Continuted rehearsal after material is leanred - Ebbinghaus Phi Phenomenon The perception of motion based on two or more stationary objects (e.g., perception of chaser lights brought about by different lights blinking at different times). Criterion Validity A measurements ability to predict scores on another measurement that is related or purports to measure the same or similar construct Preoperational Stage Piaget's second stage of cognitive development in which a child develops objects permanency and language. 2-7 years Proactive Interference Interference in memory due to prior learning. r Symbol used for the Pearson-product moment correlation (correlation coefficien Reaction Formation defense mechanism where unacceptable impulses are converted to their opposite. Reticular Formation (Reticular Activating System) Part of brain stem involved in arousal and attention, sleep and wakefulness, and control of reflexes. Retinal Disparity Binocular cue to distance referring to distance between the two images sent to the brain by our eyes. The farther apart these images, the closer the object. Retroactive Interference Interference in memory created by later learning. Self Serving Bias The tendency to assign internal attributes to successes and external factors to failures. Sensorimotor Stage The first stage in Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development where a child's primary way of learning about the world is through the senses and movement. 0-2 years Structuralism Wundt and Titchner school of thought from the 19th century focused on the gathering of psychological information through the examination of the structure of the mind. Type I Error The error that is committed when a true null hypothesis is rejected erroneously. The probability of a Type I Error is abbreviated with the lowercase Greek letter alpha. Type II Error The error that is committed when a false null hypothesis is accepted erroneously. The probability of a Type II Error is abbreviated with the uppercase Greek letter beta. Variance A measure of spread within a distribution (the square of the standard deviation). Wernicke's Aphasia Aphasia resulting from damage to a specific area of left temporal lobe. Affects written and spoken language. visual capture the tendency for vision to dominate the other senses feature detectors nerve cells in the brain's visual cortex that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement