Exam (elaborations)
TESOL Praxis II Practice Test
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TESOL Praxis II Practice Test
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TESOL Praxis II Practice Testformative assessment - -Assessment during instruction. Ongoing
assessment that checks for understanding while teaching and learning are
still happening.
Ex: Observations, discussions, questioning, exit cards, peer and self
assessment.
-standardized assessment - -Any form of test that (1) requires all test takers
to answer the same questions, and (2) is scored in a consistent manner.
Ex: Multiple-choice test
-Performance assessment - -It is the application of knowledge, skills, and
work habits through the performance of tasks that are meaningful and
engaging to students.
EX: demonstrating proficiency in using a piece of equipment; developing
athletic skills; playing musical instruments; building models; writing essays;
oral presentations;
-Authentic task - -This requires the student to use knowledge or skills to
produce a product or complete a performance
-Diagnostic assessment - -Assessment before instruction. Assessment of
students' knowledge and skills prior to beginning a learning segment.
Ex: Pretest
-Summative assessment - -Traditional assessment after instruction.
Ex: standardized assessments
-Norm-referenced assessment - -Assessment that reports how students
performed compared to students who have already taken the exam.
-Diphthong - -two adjacent vowels in one word.
-Realia - -Objects or materials from everyday life.
-Minimal pairs - -Words that differ in only one phonological element.
Ex: let and lit
-Chronemics - -A subcategory of nonverbal communication; the study of the
role of time in communication. Includes rate of speech and perceptions of
time.
-Homophone - -a word that is pronounced the same as another word but
differs in meaning, and may differ in spelling.
, -Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 - -prohibits discrimination on the
basis of race, color, and national origin in programs and activities receiving
federal financial assistance.
-Connected speech - -Spoken language that's used in a continuous
sequence.
-Metathesis - -the transposition of sounds or letters in a word.
Ex: Aks and Ask
-Epenthesis - -the addition of one or more sounds to a word.
Ex: Drawring and Drawing, Athalete and Athlete
-Flapping - -A process that modifies the sounds of some words in English.
Ex: Budder for Butter; Winner for Winter
-Devoicing - -when a voiced consonant becomes voiceless
-Consonant voicing - -when a voiceless consonant becomes voiced
-Collectivist culture - -such as those of China, Korea, and Japan, emphasize
family and work group goals above individual needs or desires.
-inductive reasoning - -reasoning that derives general principles from
specific observations, suggests truth but does not prove it.
-Deductive reasoning - -process of reasoning from one or more statements
to reach a logically certain conclusion
-Foreigner talk - -simplified kind of language used by many native speakers
with foreigners who cannot speak their language
-Circumlocution - -the use of many words where fewer would do, especially
in a deliberate attempt to be vague or evasive
-Communicative Language Teaching / The Communicative Approach - -an
approach to language teaching that emphasizes interaction as both the
means and ultimate goal.
-Pidginization - -a linguistic process that occurs when people who do not
speak the same language come into contact. It involves simplifying the
contacting language and exploiting linguistic commonalities.
-Fossilization - -Refers to the process in which incorrect language becomes
a habit in ESL students and cannot easily be corrected.
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