Multicultural counseling midterm Correct Questions & Answers(SCORED A)

emotional roadblocks to multicultural competance - ANSWER -anger, sadness, defensiveness displayed when discussing race, culture, gender - etic - ANSWER cultural universality -we're all human/same underneath -there is only one race: the human race emic - ANSWER cultural relativism -all theories of human development arise from cultural context -lifestyle, cultural values and worldviews affect expression and determination of deviant behavior inclusive definition of multiculturalism - ANSWER includes gender, race, sexual orientation, disability, socioeconomic class...etc. Why is multicultural counseling competence superordinate to counseling competence? - ANSWER -clinicians without it are insensitive to needs of minority cients -minority clients feel abused/intimidated my non minority personnel -discriminatory practices are embedded in mental health delivery systems, reflect biased diagnoses/treatments -counseling programs ignore issues of gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation tripartate framework - ANSWER looks at three levels: 1. individual level (uniqueness) -genetic -non shared experiences 2. group level (similarities and differences) -gender -ses -marital status -age -location -race -sexual orientation -ethnicity, culture 3. universal level (homo sapiens) -common life experiences -ability to use symbols -self awareness -biological similarities multicultural competence - ANSWER -the ability to engage in actions or create conditions that maximize the optimal development of client and client systems. -acquisition of awareness, knowledge and skills needed to function in pluralistic democratic society and advocate for new theories, practices, polices, organizational structures responsive to all groups Aspects of multicultural counseling therapy (MCT) - ANSWER -broadens the roles counselors play -uses modalities/defines goals consistent with racial, cultural, gender and sexual orientation background of clients -acknowledges individual, group, universal levels of identity -utilizes culture-specific strategies -balances individualist approach with collectivist reality that acknowledges context in families, SOs, communities, cultures -assumes dual role with clients (therapist and advocate), shift towards altering systems three competencies of multicultural counseling therapy (ASK) - ANSWER 1. awareness of one's own assumptions, values, biases (awareness) 2. understanding the worldview of culturally diverse clients (knowledge) 3. developing appropriate strategies and techniques (equal tx is discriminatory tx) (skills) assumptions - ANSWER -aware of own values and biases, -comfort with difs from client (race, gender, sex orientation) -sensitivity to circumstances that necessitate referral out -awareness of detrimental attitudes, beliefs, feelings knowledge - ANSWER -informed on diverse groups -informed on how sociopolitical system treats marginalized groups -generic characteristics of counseling -know institutional barriers preventing minority clients from using mental health services skills - ANSWER -can do verbal and nonverbal helping responses -can communicate well -can do institutional interventions on behalf of clients -anticipate impact of helping styles on diverse clients -play helping active helping roles with focus on systems multidimensional model of cultural competence in counseling - ANSWER Dimension 1. Group specific world-views (eur. American, Native American, Latino, Asian, AA) Dimension 2. Components of Cultural Competence (awareness, knowledge, skills) Dimension 3. Foci of Therapeutic Interventions (individual, prof, organizational, societal) multicultural competence implications for counseling: - ANSWER 1. realize I am *product of cultural conditioning* /*not immune* to bias 2. be aware that diverse groups *perceive* mental illness/health differently from dominant group 3. be aware that dominant group standards originate from cultural context/are only one form of helping on equal plane with other forms of helping 4. realize cultural competence is superordinate to traditional counseling competence 5. realize that *societal structures/policies may represent barriers* to equal access. Systems interventions can help deal with this 6. use modalities consistent with cultural systems of clients cultural differences in values: - ANSWER -whites = individualism -asian, native american, latino, AA = colectivism -asian, AA = respect for elders -latino: familialism (family loyalty, unity) cultural differences in communications styles: - ANSWER -native americans, latinos, asians = non confrontational and indirect -AA =direct, passionate -whites = direct, direct eye contact cultural differences regarding stage of ethnic identity: - ANSWER -depending on stage of racial identity, reactions to members of own race/dif race may differ -minority therapist have to acknowledge/resolve identity issues bc may affect reactions to client of same minority or white client -more divergent the cultural beliefs/attitudes between client and counselor, more conflict is possible in therapeutic relationship challenges minority clinicians face with white clients: - ANSWER 1. having competency challenged 2. needing to prove competence 3. transferring animosity to white clients 4. clinician as super minority therapist 5. expression of racist attitudes/beliefs/behavior challenges minority clinicians face with minority clients: - ANSWER 1. overidentification with client 2. encountering clashes in cultural values 3. clashes in communication/therapeutic styles 4. receiving/expressing racial animosity 5. dealing with stage of racial identity of clients minority therapist implications for counseling: - ANSWER 1. people of color not immune from bias/prejudice 2. avoid "wh