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Adult Health Exam 1 BP 2023 A+ Care of adults and older adults (NURS 3672)
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lAdult Health Exam 1 BP 2023 A+
● What gland is responsible for controlling metabolism?
○ Thyroid gland
● What theory of aging discusses infection od prevention and standard precautions?(HESI
6TH pg 291)
○ Immunological theory of aging: suggests that aging is a result of an
accumulation of damage to the immune system
■ Decreased ability of cells to counteract inflammation appears to have
broad effect, including the inability of the body to use fever to fight illness
● What is central processing and what is its effect on aging? (HESI 6TH pg 295)
○ As one ages, central processing slows down, which may make performance of
tasks slower.
○ central auditory processing - how we process auditory information
■ with aging, central auditory processing deficits occur
● changes influenced by declines in higher-order processes (i.e.,
cognition) in a top-down, concept-driven manner -> behavioral
changes
● reduced speed of information processing -> decreased listening
comprehension
● Central processing decreases; performance of tasks is slower
● What are the benefits of knitting for older adults?
○ adds to existing knowledge base
○ Lower BP
○ Reduced depression and anxiety
○ Slowed onset of dementia
○ Distraction from chronic pain
○ Increased sense of wellbeing
○ Reduced loneliness and isolation
○ Keeps joints limber
● What cognitive skill is improved by reading out loud?
○ Memory
○ verbal fluency
● Understand role theory, disengagement theory, age stratification theory and social
exchange theory, active theory, continuity theory. (HESI 6TH pg 291)
○ Good powerpoint that describes i more detail all the theories
■ https://slideplayer.com/slide/5204323/
● Role theory: explanation of how one adjusts to aging
o Individuals evolve thru various stages in life & so do their roles
o Culturally constructed explanations as to what is deemed acceptable
behavior in society and are internalized by the individual
o Operationalized by age norms
● Activity theory: successful aging is based on the indiviudals ability to maintain an
active lifestyle
o Better to be active and young than inactive
● Disengagement theory: the individual should slowly withdraw from society to
allow transfer of power to younger generations
, o Now, disengagement is not seen as successful aging and is not seen as a
good thing for society
● Continuity theory: proposed that indiv. Develop and maintain a consistent pattern
of behavior over a lifetime
o Continuation of patterns of roles, responsibilities, and activities that are
influenced by personality
● Age stratification theory:
o Aging can be best understood by considering the experiences of individuals as
members of cohorts with similarities to others in the same age group
● Social exchange theory: as one ages, one has fewer and fewer economic resources
to contribute to society = loss of social status, self-esteem, and political power
o Only those who are able to maintain control of their finances can remain
fully participating in society and can anticipate successful aging
● What education will be important for you to provide to a patient who has suffered a TIA?
○ Symptoms indicating that the patient should contact the health care provider
○ One of the tasks for patients with chronic illnesses is to prevent and manage
a crisis. The patient needs instruction on recognition of symptoms of
hypertension and TIA and appropriate actions to take if these symptoms
occur. The other information also may be included in patient teaching but is
not as essential in the patients self-management of the illness.
○ Take medications exactly as prescribed, do not skip doses
○ Learn to take your BP; keep a record
○ Quit smoking, limit alcohol, keep a healthy weight
○ Learn ways to manage stress
○ Eat a more balanced nutritious meal
○ HESI Dysrhythmias (bradycardia, tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and heart
block) become more common as one ages, in part because of higher systolic blood
pressure (BP) and increased size of the atria.
○ 1. Dysrhythmias in older adults are particularly serious because older people
cannot tolerate decreased cardiac output, which can result in syncope, falls, and
transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). The pulse may be rapid, slow, or irregular in
this population.
● In older adults, what is the best way to decrease drug-drug interactions?
○ Have the patient bring all medications, supplements, and herbs to each
appointment.
○ avoid polypharmacy - more products a person takes, more likely there will be an
interaction; educate patients on what meds can be taken together and what should
be taken at different times
● Understand the goals of long-care
○ Osteoarthritis and obesity are chronic problems that will require planning
for long-term interventions such as physical therapy and nutrition
counseling. The other patients have acute problems that are not likely to
require long-term management
○ long-term care can be provided in a range of settings with a range of services -
patient’s home, LTC setting, post-acute setting, adult day care, assisted living
facilities, SNFs
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