Pharm Practice Test 1,2,3|99 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

Pharm Practice Test 1,2,3|99 Questions with Verified Answers The listing of a drug and the amount of drug are found in which part of a prescription? - CORRECT ANSWER Inscription If _______________________ is written on a prescription, any manufactured brand of the drug listed may be given. - CORRECT ANSWER ________________ is known as the study of drugs, including their origin, properties, and interactions with living organisms. - CORRECT ANSWER What is the brand name given to a drug by a particular manufacturer? - CORRECT ANSWER Where do you go to find official information about drugs (according to the FDA)? - CORRECT ANSWER United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary (UNP-NF) Physician's Desk Reference (PDR) Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 12th edition Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 14th edition Drug Facts and Comparisons, published by Facts & Comparisons Drugs may be obtained from which sources? - CORRECT ANSWER Chemical synthesis, animal, plant, mineral What is the branch of the U.S. government responsible for the process of approving drugs for clinical use? - CORRECT ANSWER IND investigative new drug approval / FDA What is an orphan drug? - CORRECT ANSWER A drug or biologic product for the diagnosis or treatment of a rare disease Which health care practitioners are authorized to write a prescription in the United States? - CORRECT ANSWER Physician ,Osteopath,Dentist ,Veterinarian ,Physician assistant ,Nurse practitioner Which drugs are available to the public without a prescription? - CORRECT ANSWER Over the counter drugs What is the purpose of drugs delivered by oral or nasal inhalation? - CORRECT ANSWER provide a local topical treatment in the respiratory tract What are the advantages of delivering drugs by oral or nasal inhalation? - CORRECT ANSWER •Smaller dose •Fewer side effects •Rapid onset •Targets respiratory system •Painless, relatively safe Which classes of drugs can be aerosolized? - CORRECT ANSWER i. antiasthmatic agents ii. adrenergic agents iii. antiinfective agents iv. mucoactive agents v. corticosteroids Which drug groups are important to respiratory and critical care, although they may or may not be available in an aerosol form? - CORRECT ANSWER i. diuretics rrhythmic agents iii. neuromuscular blocking agents iv. anticoagulant and thrombolytic agents What are the phases of Investigational New Drug (IND) approval in the correct order? - CORRECT ANSWER Phase 1 Studies: Small number, healthy subjects, Phase 2 Studies: Small number, subjects with disease, Phase 3 Studies: Large, multicenter studies In today's market, companies spend approximately how much money per new drug on research, development, and preclinical and post clinical trials? - CORRECT ANSWER 1 billion Toxicology studies and studies on the effects of a new drug on such organs as the liver and kidneys occur during which step of the drug approval process in the United States? - CORRECT ANSWER animal studies If a drug is ordered with the Latin abbreviation qid, how often should it be administered? - CORRECT ANSWER 4 times daily If a drug is ordered with the Latin abbreviation q4, how often should it be administered? - CORRECT ANSWER 24 hour period If a physician desires a drug to be administered as needed, he or she should use which abbreviation? - CORRECT ANSWER PRN What are the major steps in the process of marketing a drug in the United States? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Isolation of the chemical 2. Identification of the chemical 3. Investigational new drug approval 4. New drug application Your patient has an order for 2 puffs of albuterol MDI q3h, and it was last given at 0700. When should it be administered next? - CORRECT ANSWER 1000 q3h means every 3 hours. If first given at 0700, 1000 would be 3 hours later. If drug A is ordered with the Latin abbreviation q4h and drug B is ordered with the Latin abbreviation qid, which drug would be given more frequently in a 24-hour period? - CORRECT ANSWER DRUG A The abbreviation q4h means every 4 hours, which would be 6 times in a day. The abbreviation qid means four times a day. What is the study of toxic substances and their pharmacologic actions, including antidotes and poison control? - CORRECT ANSWER Toxicology What is the study of the interrelationship of genetic differences and drug effects? - CORRECT ANSWER d. pharmacogenetics. What is the preparation and dispensing of drugs known as? - CORRECT ANSWER pharmacy. What is the art of treating disease with drugs? - CORRECT ANSWER Therapeutics What must physicians include on prescriptions when prescribing narcotics or controlled substances? - CORRECT ANSWER DEA registration number Once a drug is released for general clinical use, how long must a detailed reporting system remain in place to track any problems that arise with the drug's use? - CORRECT ANSWER for 6 months During which phase of drug action is a drug made available to the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Administration What is a drug's portal of entry into the body is known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Parenteral/ route of administration What are routes of drug administration? - CORRECT ANSWER • Parenteral (injectable) • "Besides the intestine" • Intravenous (IV) -Vein • Intramuscular (IM) - Deep muscle • Subcutaneous (SC) - Beneath epidermis / dermis • Intrathecal (IT) - Spinal cord • Intraosseous (IO) - Marrow of bone/// enternal, parental ,inhalation What are methods of drug delivery are commonly considered parenteral? - CORRECT ANSWER Intravenous, intramuscular Which of the following methods of drug administration requires a needle? - CORRECT ANSWER Transdermal, intravenous What the different pharmacokinetic phases of a drug? - CORRECT ANSWER Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination receptor site What is the term describing the process of incorporating a substance into a cell by engulfment and transport to the cell interior in vesicles? - CORRECT ANSWER Pinocytosis. Which factors may have an effect on drug absorption? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Route of administration, 2. Metabolic degradation, 3. Inactivation by stomach acids, 4. Blood flow to absorption site Which of the four major body compartments contains the smallest and largest average volumes in liters? - CORRECT ANSWER Vascular space What is the principal organ for drug metabolism? - CORRECT ANSWER Liver Which routes of drug administration help to reduce the first-pass effect? - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Injection, Sublingual tablets, Rectal administration Which of the following organs is considered the primary site of drug excretion? - CORRECT ANSWER Kidney Inhaled aerosols may have which types of intended effects on the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Local, systemic - CORRECT ANSWER Approximately what percentage of an inhaled aerosol reaches the lower respiratory tract with current delivery devices? - CORRECT ANSWER 10%-30% What does L/T ratio mean? - CORRECT ANSWER Amount of drug that is made available out of the total available to the lung. What is the mechanism of drug action by which a drug molecule causes its effect in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Pharmacodynamic phase. What is the meaning of antagonist and agonist? - CORRECT ANSWER The drug albuterol binds to its corresponding receptor to initiate its intended response of bronchodilation. By definition, albuterol is known as a(n) Define synergism: - CORRECT ANSWER Two different drugs (each with its own mechanism of action) are administered to a patient in an attempt to relieve bronchoconstriction A patient reports to her physician that although the medication initially rendered her pain-free, she now receives very little relief from her daily dose. This situation is described by which of the following terms used to refer to drug responsiveness (assuming that her condition has not actually worsened)? - CORRECT ANSWER Tolerance A perfectly efficient aerosol delivery device would theoretically have an L/T ratio of which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER 1.0 Which factors can increase the lung availability/total systemic availability ratio of inhaled drugs? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Efficient delivery devices 2. Inhaled drugs with a high first-pass metabolism rate 3. Mouth washing 4. Use of a reservoir device What is the term describing the study of genetic factors and their influence on drug response? - CORRECT ANSWER Pharmacogenetics. What is the measurement of how quickly a drug is eliminated from the body is known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Plasma half life Define hyptersensitivity: - CORRECT ANSWER An allergic or immune-mediated reaction to a drug, which can be serious, requiring airway maintenance or ventilatory assistance is called What is the term used to indicate the proportion of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation? - CORRECT ANSWER Bio availability A 2-year-old child is seen in the emergency department of a local hospital, and croup is diagnosed. The physician orders a dose of racemic epinephrine via a small volume nebulizer to help reduce the subglottic swelling. What size aerosol particle is most likely to deposit in this region, providing the greatest therapeutic benefit to the patient? - CORRECT ANSWER Particles 5 to 10 µm What are the main uses of aerosol therapy in respiratory care? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Humidification of dry gases 2. Improved mobilization and clearance of secretions 3. Delivery of aerosol drugs to the respiratory tract What is the particle size range for pulmonary diagnostic and therapeutic applications? - CORRECT ANSWER 1 to 10 UM You are a respiratory therapist working in the emergency department; a 67-year-old man with chronic bronchitis presents in acute distress. His vital signs include heart rate (HR) 123 beats/min and respiratory rate (RR) 28 breaths/min. On auscultation, you note faint expiratory wheezing. Which device would be the least appropriate and most appropriate by which to deliver an aerosolized drug to this patient? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Jet nebulizer,2. Metered dose inhaler (MDI),3. MDI with spacer What is the best definition of an aerosol? - CORRECT ANSWER a suspension of solid or liquid particles in a carrier gas. Traditionally, what percentage of a given dose of aerosolized medication reaches the lower respiratory tract, regardless of the type of delivery device being used? - CORRECT ANSWER 10-15% What is the purpose of the end-inspiratory breath hold used in conjunction with aerosol delivery? - CORRECT ANSWER Allows better disposition through gravitational setting Which type of delivery device should you choose to administer a dose of pentamidine to a patient with Pneumocystis pneumonia? - CORRECT ANSWER Respirgard II® Which aerosol administration devices would you choose to administer ribavirin for an infant with a diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus? - CORRECT ANSWER Smart particle aerosol generator (SPAG) After delivering an aerosol treatment, you notice that approximately 0.5 mL of medication remains in the small volume nebulizer. What action would you take next before delivering the next aerosol treatment? - CORRECT ANSWER Take no action and deliver the following dose with the small volume nebulizer What is the recommended solution volume in mL for an aerosol treatment? - CORRECT ANSWER A volume between 3 and 5 mL of solution is recommended Patient compliance of therapy is directly proportional to its convenience. T or F? - CORRECT ANSWER T Which of the following statements is true concerning the recommended volume of solution when delivering an aerosol treatment via a small volume nebulizer? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. A volume between 3 and 5 mL of solution is recommended., 2. Increasing the volume results in a decrease in the concentration of drug remaining in the dead volume when nebulization ceases., 3. Patient compliance of therapy is directly proportional to its convenience. How does increasing the volume affect the concentration of drug remaining in the dead volume when nebulization ceases? - CORRECT ANSWER - CORRECT ANSWER You are administering an aerosol treatment to a patient via a small volume nebulizer when you realize that the output appears to be much less than normal. On checking the flow meter, you see that it is set to 5 L/min. Your next action is to: - CORRECT ANSWER increase the flow rate to 8 L/min. Your patient is receiving gentamicin (a high-viscosity antibiotic solution) via gas-powered small volume nebulizer. To compensate for the increased viscosity of the aerosol solution, you should...? - CORRECT ANSWER Set the gas flow to 12 L/min You are instructing the parents of a 4-year-old child with asthma on how to deliver aerosolized medication at home via a traditional small volume jet nebulizer. When the parents ask how much of the medication actually reaches the child's lungs, - CORRECT ANSWER you answer: 10% to 15% of the total drug dose All metered dose inhalers (MDIs) are powered by which propellant? - CORRECT ANSWER Hydrofluoroalkanes (HFAs) What are problems associated with patient use of an MDI? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Failure to coordinate inhalation and actuation of the inhaler 2. Failure to shake and mix canister contents 3. Cessation of inspiration as the aerosol strikes the throat Your patient carries an albuterol MDI, which she claims to use every few weeks. She complains that the first dose actuated from the device seems to have no effect on her bronchospasm. What suggestion would you make to correct the problem? - CORRECT ANSWER Discharge a waste dose before using the MDI What are advantages and disadvantages of portable ultrasonic drug nebulizers? - CORRECT ANSWER The advantages is that they are small in size How long should you instruct a patient to wait between the first and second doses from the MDI. - CORRECT ANSWER Pause 1to 5 min Barring any issues regarding patient coordination or ability to use the device correctly, how should you suggest that a patient administer a drug with an MDI if no spacer is available? - CORRECT ANSWER B) Hold the MDI several centimeters in front of the open mouth. Your patient informs you that she keeps her albuterol MDI stored in her refrigerator because she feels that this keeps the medication "fresher" for a longer time. What is your best response? - CORRECT ANSWER C) Request that she no longer refrigerate the canister but instead store it at room temperature. You are teaching proper use of a metered dose inhaler (MDI) to an elderly man who is having trouble coordinating actuation of the device with an inspiratory effort. What suggestion(s) would you make to help him with his problem? - CORRECT ANSWER C) Both A and B A) Suggest adding a reservoir device B)Suggest that if he cannot effectively use the MDI, he may need to switch to an SVN The physician has requested that you provide a patient with a reservoir device to use in conjunction with a metered dose inhaler (MDI). Given a choice, which type of device would you give the patient? - CORRECT ANSWER C) Antistatic valved holding chamber What is the greatest limitation to patient use of a dry powder inhaler (DPI)? - CORRECT ANSWER Patient ability to provide an inspiratory flow rate of 30 to 90 L/min. The physician has granted your request to change a patient from a small volume nebulizer (SVN) to a metered dose inhaler (MDI) for administration of albuterol. The dose via SVN was 2.5 mg of drug. What is the equivalent dose via MDI to administer to your patient? - CORRECT ANSWER 2 puffs You have been asked to administer albuterol to a neonate who is currently not intubated. Which aerosol devices would be age appropriate? - CORRECT ANSWER B) Metered dose inhaler (MDI) with reservoir/mask C) Small volume nebulizer (SVN) What is the physical method used to measure aerosol particle size distribution that uses multiple steps in determining sizes of aerosol particles? - CORRECT ANSWER a cascade impactor What physical mechanisms are usually considered for aerosol particle deposition in the human lung? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Inertial impaction 2. Gravitational settling 3. Diffusion Your patient is receiving a Duoneb via a small volume nebulizer (SVN) powered by compressed oxygen as part of her maintenance therapy drug regimen. The cylinder runs out before the treatment can be completed. What action would you suggest to complete the treatment? - CORRECT ANSWER Used compressed air to complete the treatment What are advantages of small volume nebulizers (SVNs)? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Ability to aerosolize many drug solutions 2. Minimal cooperation or coordination required for inhalation 3. Drug concentration and dose can be modified 4. Normal breathing pattern can be used What is the most common error in use of pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs)? - CORRECT ANSWER C) failure to coordinate actuation of pMDI with inhalation. What aerosol delivery device would you recommend for someone with a busy schedule that spends little time at home? - CORRECT ANSWER A) pMDI What are the different ways albuterol and ipratropium bromide can be delivered? - CORRECT ANSWER 1.pMDI 3. Respimat soft-mist inhaler 4. Solution for nebulization Which device releases aerosol only during inspiration, allowing all released aerosol to be available for patient inhalation (examples: AeroEclipse®, Circulaire®). - CORRECT ANSWER Dosimetric nebulizer Which device allows greater aerosol release during inspiration, while decreasing output during exhalation or breath hold (example: Pari LC®). - CORRECT ANSWER Breath - enhanced nebulizer Which device is electrically powered and operates on the piezoelectric principle and is capable of high output. - CORRECT ANSWER Ultrasonic nebulizer USN Which device is propellant-free and utilizes mechanical energy in the form of a tension spring to deliver medication. - CORRECT ANSWER Soft mist inhaler Which device disperses individual doses that are premetered into a blister, which is mechanically punctured when the cover is lifted (example: Diskhaler®)? - CORRECT ANSWER B) multiple unit dose DPI. Which device measures the dose either from a powder reservoir or blister strips prepared by the manufacturer (examples: Twisthaler®, Flexhaler®, and Diskus®)? - CORRECT ANSWER C) multiple-dose DPI Which device have individually wrapped capsules that contain a single dose of medication and deliver powder medication from a punctured capsule (examples: Aerolizer® and HandiHaler®)? - CORRECT ANSWER A) Unit dose DPI