"Web essentials" refer to the fundamental components and concepts that are crucial for the development and functioning of websites and web applications. These essentials include a combination of technologies, languages, and best practices that ensure the creation of effective, user-friendly, and se...
UNIT – I
WEBSITE BASICS
Internet Overview:
Internet is a group of computer systems related from all around the world. The Internet
protocol suite is a framework defined through the Internet standards. Methods are divided right
into a layered set of protocols on this architecture. The Internet gives a huge variety of
statistics and communiqué offerings, which includes forums, databases, email, and hypertext.
It is made of the neighborhood to global personal, public networks connected through plenty of
digital, wireless, and networking technologies.
The Internet is a worldwide connectivity of hundreds of thousands of computers of various
types that belong to multiple networks.
Working of the internet: The internet is a global computer network that connects various
devices and sends a lot of information and media. It uses an Internet Protocol (IP) and
Transport Control Protocol (TCP)-based packet routing network. TCP and IP work together to
ensure that data transmission across the internet is consistent and dependable, regardless of the
device or location. Data is delivered across the internet in the form of messages and packets. A
message is a piece of data delivered over the internet, but before it is sent, it is broken down
into smaller pieces known as packets.
IP is a set of rules that control how data is transmitted from one computer to another via the
internet. The IP system receives further instructions on how the data should be transferred
using a numerical address (IP Address). The TCP is used with IP to ensure that data is
transferred in a secure and reliable manner. This ensures that no packets are lost, that packets
are reassembled in the correct order, and that there is no delay that degrades data quality.
History of Internet
The ARPANET (later renamed the internet) established a successful link between the
University of California Los Angeles and the Stanford Research Institute on October 29, 1969.
Libraries automate and network catalogs outside of ARPANET in the late 1960s.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol) is established in the 1970s,
allowing internet technology to mature. The development of these protocols aided in the
standardization of how data was sent and received via the internet. NSFNET, the 56 Kbps
,backbone of the internet, was financed by the National Science Foundation in 1986. Because
government monies were being used to administer and maintain it, there were commercial
restrictions in place at the time.
In the year 1991, a user-friendly internet interface was developed. Delphi was the first national
commercial online service to offer internet connectivity in July 1992. Later in May 1995, All
restrictions on commercial usage of the internet are lifted. As a result, the internet has been
able to diversify and grow swiftly. Wi-Fi was first introduced in 1997. The year is 1998, and
Windows 98 is released. Smartphone use is widespread in 2007. The 4G network is launched
in 2009. The internet is used by 3 billion people nowadays. By 2030, there are expected to be
7.5 billion internet users and 500 billion devices linked to the internet.
Uses of the Internet:
E-mail: E-mail is an electronic message sent across a network from one computer user to
one or more recipients. It refers to the internet services in which messages are sent from
and received by servers.
Web Chat: Web chat is an application that allows you to send and receive messages in
real-time with others. By using Internet chat software, the user can log on to specific
websites and talk with a variety of other users online. Chat software is interactive soft ware
that allows users to enter comments in one window and receive responses from others who
are using the same software in another window.
World Wide Web: The World Wide Web is the Internet’s most popular information
exchange service. It provides users with access to a large number of documents that are
linked together using hypertext or hyperlinks.
E-commerce: E-commerce refers to electronic business transactions made over the
Internet. It encompasses a wide range of product and service-related online business
activities.
Internet telephony: The technique that converts analog speech impulses into digital
signals and routes them through packet-switched networks of the internet is known as
internet telephony.
Video conferencing: The term “video conferencing” refers to the use of voice and images
to communicate amongst users.
,Web Client
The client (or user) side of the Internet. The Web browser on the user’s computer or mobile
device is referred to as a Web client. It could also apply to browser extensions and helper
software that improve the browser’s ability to support specific site services.
Web browser
A web browser is a software program software that searches for, retrieves, and presentations
material which includes Web pages, photos, videos, and different files. The browser sends a
request to the Webserver, which then transmits the statistics returned to the browser, which
presentations the findings at the laptop. Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, and
others are examples of internet browsers.
Webpage
An internet web page (additionally called a web page) is a report that may be regarded in an
internet browser at the World Wide Web. HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and CSS
(Cascaded Style Sheet) are used to generate the primary shape of an internet web page. An
internet web page is generally a segment of an internet site that carries statistics in plenty of
formats, which includes textual content inside the shape of paragraphs, lists, tables, and so on.
The home web page is the beginning or first web page of an internet site. It gives trendy
statistics and connections to all the internet pages which are associated. Every internet web
page has its personal deal with. This may be visible withinside the deal with the bar. As a
result, if we need to get admission to a selected internet web page, the deal needs to be placed
inside the browser’s deal with bar.
Website
An internet site, in trendy, is a group of statistics approximately statistics prepared into many
internet pages. An internet site is probably made for a sure motive, subject matter, or to
provide a service. An internet site (abbreviated as “website” or “site”) is a group of online
pages connected collectively through links and saved on an internet server. By clicking on
links, a tourist can pass from one web page to the next. An internet site’s pages also are
connected below one area call and proportion a not unusual place subject matter and template.
, Search Engine
Search engines are websites that search on the internet on behalf of users and show a listing of
results. More than actually written may be discovered on seek engines. You can be capable of
looking for different online content material which includes photographs, video content
material, books, and news, in addition to gadgets and offerings, relying on the seek engine you
are the use of.
To make use of the Internet, you do not always want to recognize the deal with an internet site.
It is crucial to recognize the way to do a look for statistics. Using a seek engine is one of the
only methods to seek. A seek engine can help you in finding what you are looking for. You
also can appearance up net maps and instructions to help you to plot your adventure from one
factor to some other. Example: Google, Bing, DuckDuckGo, yahoo, etc.
Differentiation between Network and Internet
The number one distinction between a network and the internet is that a network is made of
computer systems that are bodily related and may be used as a personal laptop at the same time
as additionally sharing records. The Internet, on the alternative hand, might be an era that
connects those small and massive networks and creates a brand new in-intensity community.
Advantages of the Internet:
It is the best source of a wide range of information. There is no better place to conduct
research than the internet.
Online gaming, talking, browsing, music, movies, dramas, and TV series are quickly
becoming the most popular ways to pass the time.
Because there are hundreds of thousands of newsgroups and services that keep you updated
with every tick of the clock, the Internet is a source of the most recent news.
Because of virtual shops where you may buy anything you want and need without leaving
your house, internet shopping is becoming increasingly popular. Recently, virtual shops
have been making a lot of money.
Disadvantages of the Internet:
Spending too much time on the internet is hazardous for the young generation’s health and
leads to obesity.
Children who use the internet develop an addiction, which is quite dangerous.
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