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Samenvatting organische chemie hoofdstuk 5-10 $7.17   Add to cart
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Samenvatting organische chemie hoofdstuk 5-10
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  • Course
  • Cel I : Fysische en chemische grondslagen
  • Institution
  • Universiteit Gent (UGent)

Organische chemie, 1e bach geneeskunde hoofdstuk 5 tem 10 alle soorten reacties samengevat met foto's erbij.

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Document information

  • January 20, 2024
  • 12
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

Subjects

  • organische chemie
  • reacties
  • ketonenaldehyde
  • carbonzuren
  • substitutie
  • eliminatie
  • radicaal reacties
  • additie

Written for

  • Universiteit Gent (UGent)
  • Geneeskunde
  • Cel I : Fysische en chemische grondslagen
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Organische chemie

H5 substitutie:

Nucleofiel + elektrofiel-leaving groep -> nucleofiel-elektrofiel + leaving groep (neg lading)

Nucleofielen: H- , HO- , RO- , HS- , RS- , CN- , RCOO- , R3C- , R-MgBr+ , RSH , ROR , ROH , H2O ,
H3N

Elektrofielen: H+ , H3O+ , R3C+ , AlCl3

Leaving groepen: I- , Br- , Cl- F- , RCOO- , RO-

SN2:

 Bij primaire koolstoffen
 In 1 stap via transitietoestand
 Walden inversie
 Bimoleculair: nucleofiel + elektrofiel-leaving
 Stereoselectief : 1 stereo-isomeer
 Sterke elektronendonors als nucleofiel (Sterke Lewis base)
 Leaving groep: sterke affiniteit voor afgegeven elektron
 Minimale ruimtelijke hinder

SN1:

 Unimoleculair: elektrofiel-leaving
 Niet stereoselectief: 2 stereoisomeren (racemisch mengsel)
 Meerdere stappen
1. Heterolytische splisting -> carbokation
2. Nucleofiele aanval (water)
 Meer omringing alkylketens voor carbokation
 Goede leaving groep: zelf dissociatie
 Polaire solventen
 Goede nucleofiel: geladen sterker, toenemend met stijgende periode

, H6: eliminatie

Elektrofiel-leaving + nucleofiel-alkalimetaal -> elektrofiel met =

E2:

 Twee sigma bindingen breken -> pi binding
 C-H + base
 C-X uitstoten leaving groep
 Dubbele binding omringd door meeste zijgroepen (Zaytseff)
 Regels identiek aan SN2

E1:

 Leaving groep verlaat molecule of proton
 Eliminatie van water:

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