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Samenvatting hoofdstuk 8 het zenuwstelsel 1V
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volledige samenvatting van hoofdstuk 8 uit het boek anatomie en fysiologie van pearson, eerste jaar verpleegkunde 1V
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Hoofdstuk 8:zenuwstelsel
,INHOUD
inleiding.....................................................................................................................................................................3
anatomische en functonele eigenschappen............................................................................................................3
functes..................................................................................................................................................................3
anatomische indeling............................................................................................................................................3
neuronen...................................................................................................................................................................4
neuronen...............................................................................................................................................................4
indeling op basis functe neuron.......................................................................................................................4
neuroglia................................................................................................................................................................6
neurogliacellen in CZS.......................................................................................................................................6
neurogliacellen in PZS.......................................................................................................................................6
organisate van neuronen in het zenuwstelsel.....................................................................................................7
perifeer zenuwstelsel........................................................................................................................................7
centraal zenuwstelsel........................................................................................................................................7
synapsen....................................................................................................................................................................7
bouw van synaps...................................................................................................................................................8
synapsfuncte en neurotransmiters.....................................................................................................................8
hersenvliezen............................................................................................................................................................8
ruggenmerg.............................................................................................................................................................10
macroscopische anatomie..................................................................................................................................10
anatomie op doorsnede......................................................................................................................................11
grijze stof.........................................................................................................................................................11
wite stof.........................................................................................................................................................11
de hersenen.............................................................................................................................................................12
belangrijkste hersendelen...................................................................................................................................12
hersenventrikels..................................................................................................................................................13
cerebrospinaal vloeistof..................................................................................................................................13
cerebrum.............................................................................................................................................................14
structuur hersenhelfen..................................................................................................................................14
motorische en sensorische gebeiden van de hersenschors...........................................................................15
associategebieden..........................................................................................................................................15
verbindingen in schors....................................................................................................................................15
basale kernen..................................................................................................................................................16
het limibisch systeem......................................................................................................................................16
diencephalon.......................................................................................................................................................16
epithalamus.....................................................................................................................................................16
, thalamus..........................................................................................................................................................17
hypothalamus..................................................................................................................................................17
hersenstam (truncus cerebri)..........................................................................................................................17
cerebellum – kleine hersenen.........................................................................................................................18
PERIFERE ZENUWSTELSEL.......................................................................................................................................19
hersenzenuwenen...............................................................................................................................................19
nervus vagus (NX)............................................................................................................................................19
ruggenmergzenuwenen......................................................................................................................................20
zenuwplexussen..................................................................................................................................................20
refexen....................................................................................................................................................................20
eenvoudige refexen............................................................................................................................................20
complexe refexen...............................................................................................................................................21
sensorische informate en motorische impulsen....................................................................................................21
sensibele banen...................................................................................................................................................21
dorsale kolom..................................................................................................................................................22
motorische banen...............................................................................................................................................22
cortcospinale baan.........................................................................................................................................23
autonome zenuwstelsel..........................................................................................................................................23
sympathisch zenuwstelsel...............................................................................................................................24
parasympathisch zenuwstelsel.......................................................................................................................25
relates tussen zenuwstelsels..........................................................................................................................25
,HOOFDSTUK 8: ZENUWSTELSEL
INLEIDING
Het zenuwstelsel en het hormoonstelsel coördineren actviteiten van alle orgaanstelsel om homeostase te
handhaven
Reactesnelheid:
Zenuwstelsel: reageert snel maar kort op prikkels
Hormoonstelsel: reageert traag maar langer op prikkels
Zenuwstelsel = meest complexe van alle orgaanstelsels met zeer wisselend actviteitenpatroon
Wisselend actviteitenpatroon kan vrijwel direct plaatsvinden doordat neurale functes worden uitgevoerd mbv
elektrische prikkels die zeer snel verlopen
ANATOMISCHE EN FUNCTIONELE EIGENSCHAPPEN
FUNCTIES
1) Meten van interne en externe milieu
2) Integreert informate van de zintuigen
3) Coördineert gewilde en ongewilde reactes van vele andere orgaanstelsel
Functes worden uitgevoerd door neuronen/neuroglia
ANATOMISCHE INDELING
Zenuwstelsel kunnen we verdelen in 2 grote groepen:
Centraal zenuwstelsel CZS Perifere zenuwstelsel PZS
Bestaand uit: Bestaat uit hersenen en Al het zenuwweefsel buiten CZS
ruggenmerg
Doel: Integreert en coördineert de Alle communicate tussen CZS en de rest van het
verweking van sensorische lichaam
informate (info uit zintuigen)
Afferent banen: aan zintuigen /receptoren naar CZS
Doorgeven van impulsen aan voor verwerking informate
spieren
Efferente banen: na verwerking zal CZS impulsen
Hogere functes: sturen naar spieren, klieren, vetweefsel, .. = effectoren
Geheugen
Emotes Efferente deel is verdeeld in:
intelligente
somatsche zenuwstelsel, willekeurige
autonome zenuwstelsel, onwillekeurige
sympathisch (niet in rust)
parasympatsch (in rust)
werken tegengesteld
, NEURONEN
Zenuwstelstel bestaat uit al het zenuwweefsel in uit het lichaam
Twee typen cellen:
neuronen:
basiseenheden van zenuwstelsel
communiceren onderling en met andere cellen bij neurale functes
neuroglia:
steunweefsel van zenuwstelsel
= netwerk van vertakte neurogliacellen
Een deel werkt als fagocyten
aermogen om te delen
NEURONEN
Een neuron heef:
cellichaam
verschillende, vertakt, gevoelige dendrieten die binnenkomende signalen opvangt
een lang axon dat uitgaande signalen geleidt in de richtng van ..
1 of meer synapsknoppen, hier communiceert neuron met andere cel
Cellichaam, bevat:
een grote ronde celkern met opvallend kernlichaampje
geen celdeling door ontbreken van centriolen
bevat mitochondriën, ribosomen en membranen van RER
geven gebieden die cellichamen van neuronen bevaten een grijze kleur – grijze stof
Neuronen kunnen verschillende vormen aannemen:
Multipolair twee of meer dendrieten
1 axon
Unipolair Dendrieten en axon lopen in elkaar ver
Cellichaam aan één zijde
bipolair Één dendriet
Één axon
Daartussen een cellichaam
INDELING OP BASIS FUNCTIE NEURON
1) Sensibele neuronen
2) Motorische neuronen
3) Schakelcellen
1) sensibele neuronen = afferente neuronen
10 miljoen cellen
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