Portage Learning Anatomy & Physiology II: Module 7 Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+

Portage Learning Anatomy & Physiology II: Module 7 Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+ True or False: The bladder drains into the ureters. false A person sustained blunt force trauma to the back at the T5 level, with no spinal cord injury. Would you suspect the kidneys to be damaged? Why or why not? No, the kidneys lie between the T-12 and L-3 Describe the consistency and purpose of the renal fascia. The outer renal fascia is dense fibrous connective tissue which keeps the kidney in place inside the abdominal cavity. Name the layer and the parts of the nephrons located in the region highlighted in green, below. Located within the cortex are the glomerular capsule and the distal and proximal convoluted tubule sections of the nephrons. These arteries flow in between the renal pyramids. A. Afferent B. Lobar C. Interlobular D.Arcuate E. Correct Answer Interlobar F. Renal After filtration occurs, next blood travels into these vessels. A. Correct! Efferent arteriole B. Lobar veins C. Interlobular veins D. Arcuate artery E. Interlobar vein F. Vasa recta Name the region in the diagram below, indicated by the red arrow. DCT (Distal convoluted tubule) Which of the following is false about the location of the bladder? A. In males, the bladder is anterior to the rectum. B. In females, the bladder is posterior to the uterus. C. In females, the bladder is in between the rectum and the uterus. D. In males, the bladder is above the prostate gland. Correct! E. B&C are false F. A&D are false Describe the purposes of the urethral sphincters. ● The involuntary-controlled internal urethral sphincter is located near the bladder and keeps the urethra closed to prevent urine from leaving the bladder. ● The voluntary-controlled external urethral sphincter, composed of skeletal muscle, surrounds the urethra as it passes through the pelvic floor. A patient was just placed under general anesthesia. He is now awake and telling you he is having a hard time excreting urine. What is most likely causing the difficulty? A. Incontinence due to stroke B. Incontinence due to dementia C. Urinary retention due to spinal cord injury D. Bladder outlet obstruction E. Correct! Urinary retention due to slowed detrusor muscle This region of the male urethra exits the body. A. Correct! Spongy B. Prostatic C. Membranous D. Ejaculatory duct E. Ureters What causes the extremely high blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries? The afferent arteriole, which is fed by the interlobular artery, is much larger in diameter than the efferent arteriole. The difference in diameter causes an extremely high blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries. Micturition can be controlled consciously because of: A. Voluntary control over the internal sphincter B. Involuntary control over the internal sphincter C. Correct! Voluntary control over the external sphincter D. Involuntary control over the external sphincter E. Voluntary control over the visceral reflex arc F. None of the above: micturition cannot be voluntarily controlled This is the pressure that depends upon a person's blood pressure from the heart and vessels: A. Colloid osmotic pressure B. Capsular pressure C. Net filtration pressure D. Glomerular filtration rate E. Correct! Hydrostatic pressure Calculate the net filtration pressure for your patient given the following values. Show your work. (Not all values listed may be used). - Colloid osmotic pressure = 25 - Capsular pressure= 15 - Hydrostatic pressure = 50 - GFR= 120 (Outgoing forces – incoming forces) HP- (COP + Capsular pressure) 50mmHg - (25mmHg +15mmHg)) = 10mmHg (net outward pressure) Describe in detail what happens during an emergency to control the rate of blood to the kidney. During these times the renal autoregulatory system is superseded by higher level nervous system controls. When the nervous system takes over regulation, the afferent arterioles diameter is narrowed by sympathetic nerve fibers. The release of the hormone epinephrine by the adrenal medulla causes a decrease in renal blood flow and decreases the GFR. Constriction of the renal arteries is only to be used for a short time. Which of the following statements is false concerning the RAA system? A. Aldosterone causes the retention of sodium ions. B. Correct! It responds when blood pressure becomes too high. C. Angiotensin II acts to cause vasoconstriction in blood vessels. D. Renin is released by the cells inside the nephron. E. Renin converts angiotensinogen to