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Chapter 17 Endocrine System latest complete update A+ graded.
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  • BIOLOGY 2 (BIOLOGY2)
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  • Bay State College

Chapter 17 Endocrine System latest complete update A+ graded Four mechanisms of communication between cells Gap Junctions Neurotransmitters Paracrine Hormones Gap Junction pores in cell membrane allow signaling molecules, nutrients, and electrolytes to move from cell...

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  • January 25, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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  • chapter 17 endocrine system latest complete update
  • four mechanisms of communication between cellsgap
  • gap junctionpores in cell membrane allow signalin
  • paracrinesecreted into tissue fluids to stimulate

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  • Bay State College
  • BIOLOGY 2 (BIOLOGY2)
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Chapter 17 Endocrine System latest
complete update A+ graded




Four mechanisms of communication between cells Gap Junctions
Neurotransmitters
Paracrine
Hormones

Gap Junction pores in cell membrane allow signaling molecules, nutrients, and electrolytes to
move from cell to cell.

Neurotransmitters released from neurons to travel across the synaptic cleft to the second cell.

Paracrine secreted into tissue fluids to stimulate physiology of nearby cells

Hormones chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream to other tissues and organs
(called targets) that stimulate a physiologic response.`

Unlike the nervous system, the endocrine system o Releases hormones into the bloodstream to
circulate throughout the body
o Responds slowly (seconds or days); hormonal effect may continue for days or longer

How is the nervous system and the endocrine system similar? o Both communicate with
chemicals; several function as both neurotransmitters and hormones.
o Some hormones and neurotransmitters have the same effect on the same organ.

Pituitary glandsuspended from hypothalamus by a stalk - the infundibulum

Pituitary gland is housed in sella turcica of sphenoid bone

Pituitary gland size and shapekidney bean

, Pituitary gland two structures o Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
o Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

Anterior pituitary anatomy linked to the hypothalamus by the hypophysial portal system

How is the Anterior pituitary linked to the hypothalamus by the hypophysial portal system?
o Primary capillaries in the hypothalamus are connected to secondary capillaries in the
anterior pituitary by portal venules.
o Hypothalamic hormones regulate adenohypophysis cells by releasing or inhibiting hormones.

Posterior pituitary anatomy Nerve cell bodies in the hypothalamus pass down the stalk through
the hypothalamo-hypophysial tract and end in the posterior lobe.
o Hypothalamic neurons secrete hormones that are stored in neurohypophysis until released into
blood

The hypothalamic hormones regulate anterior pituitary

Hormones that stimulate the pituitary to release hormones of its own releasing hormones

Hormones that suppress pituitary secretion inhibiting hormones
o Notice they are named by their effect on the anterior pituitary.

hypothalamic hormones produced in hypothalamus and stored/released by posterior pituitary
Oxytocin (OT) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Prolactin Milk synthesis

Thyroid stimulating hormone secrete thyroid hormone

Luteinizing hormone stimulate testes to produce testosterone and ovaries to ovulate, and later to
help maintain pregnancy

Growth hormone widespread tissue growth

Adrenocorticotropic hormonesecretion of glucocorticoids

Follicle stimulating hormone stimulates development of eggs and sperm

Six anterior pituitary hormones Follicle stimulating hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Growth hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Prolactin

Two posterior pituitary hormones OT
ADH

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