AHN 447 Exam 4 Questions And Answers A+ Review

AHN 447 Exam 4 Questions And Answers A+ Review What is the normal range for creatinine, and what is the significance of abnormal findings? - AnswerMales: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL Females: 0.5-1.1 mg/dL Older adults: may be decreased An INCREASED level indicates kidney impairment. A DECREASED level may be caused by a DECREASED muscle mass. What is the normal range for BUN, and what is the significance of abnormal findings? - Answer-10-20 mg/dL Older adults: slightly higher An INCREASED level may indicate liver or kidney disease, dehydration or decreased kidney perfusion, a high protein diet, infection, stress, steroid use, GI bleeding, or other situations in which blood is in body tissues. A DECREASED level may indicate malnutrition, fluid volume excess, or severe hepatic damage. What does a radiography of kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) tell you about the kidney and urinary system? - Answer-Screens for the presence of 2 kidneys Measures kidney size Detects gross obstruction in kidneys or the urinary tract What does a CT scan tell you about the kidney and urinary system? - Answer-Measures kidney size Evaluates contour to assess for injury, masses, or obstruction in kidneys or urinary tract Assesses renal blood flow What does an MRI tell you about the kidney and urinary system? - Answer-Measures kidney size Evaluates contour to assess for injury, masses, or obstruction in kidneys or urinary tract Assesses renal blood flow **Similar to CT except it can be used for staging of cancers What does an US tell you about the kidney and urinary system? - Answer-Identifies the urine volume in the bladder, size of the kidneys or obstruction in the kidneys and lower urinary tract Assesses blood flow to and from the kidney Describe hormonal regulation of the kidney. - Answer-Renin--fomred and released when there is decreased blood flow, volume, or pressure; stimulates the production of Angiotensinogen and Angiotensin I Angiotensin II--causes vasoconstriction and the release of aldosterone Aldosterone--increases the reabsorption of NA++ Prostaglandins--produced in the kidney and regulate GFR, renal vascular resistance, and renin production Bradykinin--dilates renal vasculature to maintain renal blood flow- released after Angiotensin II Erythropoeitein--triggers RBC formation in marrow Vitamin D--converted to active form in the kidneys What are the 3 functions of the nephron? - Answer-1. Filtration of water soluble substances from the blood 2. Reabsorption of filtered nutrients, water, and electrolytes 3. Secretion of waste products What is the function of the glomerulus? - Answer-site of fluid filtration from blood to the nephron prevents transport of blood cells and proteins GFR= 125 mL/min What are some RFs for incontinence? - Answer-Pregnancy, vaginal delivery Altered LOC Immobility Diabetes Spinal cord injuries UTI **THIS IS NOT A NORMAL PART OF AGING What is urge incontinence? - Answer-The involuntary loss of urine associated with a strong desire to urinate. Patients cannot suppress the signal from the bladder muscle to the brain that it is time to urinate...