Access to History for the IB Diploma: Rights and protest
Apartheid South Africa - Rights and Protest - IB History
Revision Guide for IB Examinations
Includes all elements of the syllabus in note form in order to remember important details for Paper 1
Extremely useful for source analysis and mini-essay question
Nature and Characteristics of discrimination 5
Grand and Petty Apartheid, Division and Classification: 5
National Party Victory 1948 election 8
Protests and Action 10
Non-violent protests 10
Increasing Violence 14
Official Response to Protests and Action 17
Political Groups 18
The Role and Significance of key groups 18
The Role and Significance of Individuals 23
,SYLLABUS
Nature and characteristics of discrimination
● Petty apartheid and grand apartheid legislation
● Division and classification;
○ segregation of populations and amenities;
○ creation of townships/forced removals;
○ segregation of education;
○ Bantustan system;
○ impact on individuals
Protests and action
● Non violent protests: bus boycotts, defiance campaign, Freedom Charter
● Increasing violence; the Sharpeville Massacre (1960) and the decision to adopt the armed struggle
● Official response: The Rivonia Trial (1963-64) and the imprisonment of the african national congress leadership
Role and significance of key actors/groups
● Nelson Mandela, Albert Luthuli
● Key groups: the african national congress, The South African Communist Party, the MK (Umkhonto we Sizwe- Spear of the Nation)
, Key terms/phrases:
● Apartheid: Afrikaans meaning separate or apart with four general principles:
○ Four racial groups with separate cultures
○ Whites the civilised race with power over the other three
○ Whites divided into Afrikaners and English Speakers
○ Strict segregation without equal facilities
● Kaffir: Derogatory name for black Africans
● Kraals: Name given to African collections of farms where families or close members of tribes live together
● Bantu: Derogatory term used to describe the indigenous groups of South Africa
● Afrikaners: The white descendants from the Dutch (extreme racism)
● Baaskap - Afrikaner term used to describe their power over inferior races
● Grand Apartheid: overall policy to keep the races as separated as possible, for ex living in two different areas
● Petty Apartheid: day to day restrictions, separate facilities
● Bantustans: Homelands reserved for african tribes which allowed for grand apartheid and often justified poor living condition for the african
population
● Transient Migration: Temporary resettlement or movement as guest workers
● Homelands: Townships separated from white suburbs by at least 500 yards
● Broderbund: A racist organisation which promoted apartheid, made up of Afrikaner politicians
Racial Makeup of South Africa
● Black Africans (Bantu tribes)
● Whites (Afrikaners + English speakers)
● Indians
● Colored People - Mixed European and African/Asian ancestry
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