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NURS 5315 Final 2024/2025 already graded A+
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- NURS 5315
- Institution
- University Of Texas - Arlington
NURS 5315 Final 2024/2025 already graded A+
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NURS5315
Final
A
patient
in
respiratory
distress
and
is
breathing
33
breaths
per
minute.
Which
ABG
value
is
consistent
with
the
clinical
scenario?
PCO2
15
pH
7.30
pH
7.45
O2
sat
100%
A
patient
who
is
breathing
33
breaths
per
minute
is
hyperventilating
and
blowing
off
CO2;
therefore
the
PCO2
level
will
be
low.
The
patient
will
most
likely
experience
a
respiratory
alkalosis
and
the
two
pH
values
provided
are
not
consistent
with
this
diagnosis.
A
patient
has
a
sodium
level
of
115
mEq/L
and
is
disoriented
and
lethargic.
Which
pathological
process
best
explains
this
patient's
symptoms?
a.
The
action
potential
has
become
hyperpolarized.
b.
Water
has
shifted
into
the
neurons
and
caused
them
to
swell.
c.
Water
has
shifted
into
the
vascular
space
and
dehydrated
the
neurons.
d.
The
action
potential
has
become
hypopolarized.
b.
The
cause
of
neurologic
symptoms
associated
with
a
sodium
imbalance
is
directly
related
to
fluid
shifting
into
or
out
of
the
neurons
of
the
brain.
With
a
serum
sodium
of
115
mEq/L,
water
shifts
into
the
neurons
and
causes
them
to
swell.
Hypernatremia
causes
water
to
shift
out
of
the
cell
into
the
intravascular
space
and
causes
the
neurons
to
become
dehydrated.
An
alteration
in
the
action
potential
is
not
seen
with
sodium
imbalances.
Brainpower
Read
More
A
patient
experiencing
dehydration
should
be
monitored
for
which
electrolyte
imbalance?
a.
Hyperkalemia
b.
Hypocalcemia
c.
Hypercalcemia
d.
Hyponatermia
a.
Serum
osmolality
is
increased
during
times
of
dehydration.
An
elevated
serum
osmolality
will
pull
potassium
into
the
intravascular
space
from
the
intracellular
space
and
cause
a
rise
in
serum
potassium.
A
married
couple
presents
to
your
office
for
genetic
counseling.
The
husband
has
an
autosomal
recessive
disease
and
his
wife
has
a
heterozygous
genotype
for
the
disease.
They
ask
you, What
is
the
chance
that
our
baby
will
have
the
disease?
Which
of
the
following
answers
is
correct?
25%
50%
75%
100%
A
chromosome
is
a
package
of
material
located
inside
the
cell
nucleus
which
is
made
of
proteins
and
a
single
molecule
of
DNA.
There
are
23
pairs
of
chromosomes
in
each
human
cell
for
a
total
of
46
chromosomes.
Chromosomes
are
separated
into
two
identical
sets
during
mitosis
or
meiosis.
This
provides
a
set
of
chromosomes
to
each
daughter
cell
which
results
from
cell
division.
This
process
is
responsible
for
the
transfer
of
genetic
information
to
the
daughter
cells.
The
first
22
pairs
of
chromosomes
are
known
as
autosomes.
The
23rd
pair
of
chromosomes
is
the
pair
which
contains
the
genetic
information
for
gender.
This
pair
contains
the
genetic
information
which
delineates
between
the
male
and
female
genders.
Females
have
two
X
chromosomes
(XX)
and
males
have
an
XY
chromosome
pair.
Autosomal
chromosomes
are
said
to
be
autologous.
This
means
they
do
not
carry
genetic
information
pertaining
to
gender.
Autosomal
genetic
diseases
are
carried
on
the
first
22
pairs
of
chromosomes.
Sex-linked
diseases
are
only
carried
on
the
23rd
pair
of
chromosomes.
The
autosomal
chromosomes
are
nearly
identical
to
one
another
and
are
considered
homologous
to
one
another.
Each
autosomal
chromosome
in
a
pair
carries
identical
genes.
These
two
genes
are
known
as
alleles.
The
alleles
occupy
the
same
site
on
each
partner
of
the
chromosome
pair
and
code
for
the
same
genetic
trait
or
physiologic
function.
Alleles
can
be
dominant
or
recessive.
One
allele
may
be
dominant
and
the
other
recessive,
or
they
both
may
be
dominant
or
both
recessive.
The
dominant
alleles'
genetic
code
will
always
manifest
in
the
individual's
phenotype.
The
information
in
the
recessive
allele
is
typically
not
expressed
in
the
phenotype
unless
both
alleles
are
recessive.
For
the
purpose
of
clarity
in
use,
the
dominant
gene
is
assigned
a
capital
letter
and
the
recessive
gene
is
assigned
a
lower
case
letter.
Any
letter
is
okay
to
use
but
make
sure
you
use
the
same
letter
for
the
genotype
-
for
example,
"Bb
or
aa."
The
term
homozygous
refers
to
a
pair
of
alleles
which
are
either
both
dominant
or
recessive.
For
example,
"BB
or
bb"
are
said
to
be
homozygous
because
the
alleles
are
either
both
dominant
or
recessive.
An
allele
pair
in
which
one
is
dominant
and
one
is
recessive
is
said
to
be
heterozygous.
In
autosomal
recessive
disorders
both
alleles
on
the
chromosome
are
affected
by
the
genetic
aberration.
If
only
one
recessive
gene
is
affected
by
the
genetic
aberration
then
the
person
is
said
to
be
a
carrier
and
will
not
have
the
phenotypic
expression
of
the
disease.
The
healthy,
recessive
allele
will
compensate
for
the
allele
which
is
affected
by
the
genetic
aberration.
The
carrier
can
pass
the
trait
but
does
not
have
the
genetic
disease.
In
an
autosomal
dominant
disorder
the
dominant
gene
is
the
only
gene
that
has
to
be
affected
by
the
genetic
aberration
in
order
to
have
the
phenotypic
expression
of
the
disease.
A
healthy
recessive
allele
cannot
compensate
for
a
diseased
dominant
allele.
In
order
to
answer
this
question
one
must
understand
the
above
information
and
draw
a
Punnett
Square.
The
husband
has
an
autosomal
recessive
disease
which
means
his
genotype
must
be
aa.
The
wife
has
a
heterozygous
genotype
for
the
disease
which
means
her
genotype
is
Aa.
The
capital
A
reflects
a
healthy
gene
so
she
is
merely
a
carrier
and
does
not
express
the
disease phenotype.
The
father's
genotype
is
written
across
the
top
line
and
the
mother's
genotype
is
written
in
the
boxes
to
the
left.
The
four
boxes
in
the
middle
are
the
possible
genotypes
of
their
offspring.
Each
box
represents
a
25%
chance
for
the
offspring
to
have
that
particular
genotype.
The
question
asks
you
to
determine
the
chances
the
offspring
will
have
the
autosomal
recessive
disease
or
in
other
words,
express
the
phenotype
for
the
disease.
The
genotype
which
will
result
in
the
disease
is
"aa."
Therefore,
there
is
a
50%
chance
that
their
offspring
will
have
the
autosomal
recessive
disease.
A
child
is
diagnosed
with
hemophilia.
This
is
an
example
of
which
genetic
concept?
Phenotype
Genotype
Autosomal
transmission
of
the
disease
Transcription
The
expression
of
a
genetic
disease
is
an
example
of
a
phenotype.
A
genotype
is
a
gene's
programming.
Hemophilia
is
transmitted
on
the
x-chromosome
and
is
not
transmitted
via
the
autosomes.
This
is
not
an
example
of
transcription.
Dehydration
triggers
which
physiologic
response?
Increased
secretion
of
renin.
Increase
secretion
of
natriuretic
peptides.
Decreased
secretion
of
antidiuretic
hormone.
Decreased
serum
osmolality.
Dehydration
will
trigger
the
release
of
renin
when
renal
perfusion
is
impaired.
The
other
answers
are
seen
during
times
of
fluid
volume
overload.
A
patient
on
hydrochlorothiazide
has
a
pH
of
7.49
and
a
bicarbonate
of
30.
Which
of
the
following
pathological
processes
best
explains
the
abnormal
lab
values?
a.
An
accumulation
of
pancreatic
bicarbonate
secondary
to
vomiting
and
loss
of
hydrochloric
acid
b.
An
increased
absorption
of
Na+
and
HCO3-
in
the
proximal
renal
tubule
secondary
to
increased
aldosterone
secretion
c
Excessive
exhalation
of
CO2
secondary
to
hyperventilation
d.
Distal
renal
tubular
dysfunction
causing
an
accumulation
of
hydrogen
ions
The
pH
value
and
bicarbonate
value
are
consistent
with
a
metabolic
alkalosis.
The
most
likely
cause
of
the
metabolic
alkalosis
is
the
use
of
the
hydrochlorothiazide
(HCTZ).
This
is
a
thiazide
diuretic
which
can
cause
a
metabolic
alkalosis.
The
use
of
a
thiazide
diuretic
will
increase
the
secretion
of
aldosterone
which
stimulates
the
reabsorption
of
Na+
and
HCO3-
in
the
proximal
tubule
of
the
kidney.
This
is
a
response
directly
related
to
hypovolemia
secondary
to
the
diuretic
use.
Option
A
occurs
as
a
result
of
excessive
vomiting.
Vomiting
does
cause
a
metabolic
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