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AFOQT General Science Section – Qs & As
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AFOQT General Science Section – Qs & AsWhat are the four major classes of organic molecules? ✔️Ans -
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What is the most abundant single class of organic substances found in
nature? ✔️Ans - carbohydrates
What is glycogen? ✔️Ans - The stored form of glucose in human and
animal cells.
What are the two common functions of lipids? ✔️Ans - They are stored as
energy reserve, and they provide a protective layer of cushion for the vital
organs.
What are some functions of proteins? ✔️Ans - They aid in maintaining
and creating many aspects of our cells including cellular structure,
function, regulation, as well as working as neurotransmitters and carriers
of oxygen in the blood.
What types of things are proteins? ✔️Ans - Enzymes, hormones, and
antibodies.
What is an enzyme? ✔️Ans - This is a molecule that is used by the body to
bring reactants closer together, causing them to form a new compound.
Enzymes can be reused and are an important part of photosynthesis and
respiration.
What are nucleic acids and what do they do? ✔️Ans - These are large
molecules made up of smaller molecules called nucleotides. DNA is an
example of a nucleic acid. Nucleotides are the basis for reproduction and
progression.
What are the building blocks of existence? ✔️Ans - Atoms, which are
rearranged into groups called molecules.
What elements are found in carbohydrates? ✔️Ans - Hydrogen, oxygen
and carbon.
,What are lipids commonly known as? ✔️Ans - Fats
What are proteins composed of ? ✔️Ans - Amino acids.
What is an example of a carbohydrate? ✔️Ans - Sugar, starches, bread,
etc.
What is the definition of metabolism? ✔️Ans - The bodys physical and
chemical processes, which convert or use energy.
How is energy processed in plants? ✔️Ans - Through photosynthesis.
How is energy processed in animals? ✔️Ans - Through respiration.
What type of molecules does cellular respiration create? ✔️Ans - ATP -
Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
What is a byproduct of photosynthesis? ✔️Ans - Oxygen
How does photosynthesis work? ✔️Ans - Plants use the energy from
sunlight to turn carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
What molecule do plants require to capture the energy of the sunlight?
✔️Ans - Chlorophyll
Why are plants green? ✔️Ans - Because chlorophyll absorbs red and blue
light, but not green light.
What are the two types of respiration? ✔️Ans - aerobic (which uses
oxygen) and anaerobic (which occurs without the use of oxygen).
What is the chemical process for aerobic respiration? ✔️Ans - It takes
oxygen and glucose, with the help of enzymes, and creates carbon dioxide,
water and energy. Essentially the reverse of photosynthesis.
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? ✔️Ans
- Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen and produces only two
,molecules of ATP per glucose molecule, whereas aerobic respiration
produces 38 ATP per glucose molecule.
What is the metabolic cycle? ✔️Ans - Plants convert energy into matter
and release oxygen. Animals absorb oxygen for their own metabolic
process and release carbon dioxide. This is then absorbed by plants in the
photosynthesis conversion of energy into matter.
What are the kingdoms in the classification of organism? ✔️Ans -
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera
What are some characteristics of organisms in the Animalia Kingdom?
✔️Ans - Multi-Cellular, heterotrophs, they have nervous systems, brains,
and muscular systems (vertebrates and nonvertebrates). They can be
parasites, prey, or consumers. Examples: sponges, worms, fish, mammals,
reptiles.
What are heterotrophs? ✔️Ans - These are organisms that must eat
preexisting organic matter (plants or animals) in order to sustain
themselves.
What are some characterstics of organism in Kingdom Plantae? ✔️Ans -
THey are multi-cellular, contain all plant life, are autotrophs, involve
vascular and non-vascular plants. Consists of mostly producers.
What are vascular and non-vascular plants? ✔️Ans - Vascular plants are
mostly crops, trees, and flowering plants. They have specialized tissue that
allows them to transport water and nutrients form their roots, to their
leaves, and back again. Nonvascular plants are mosses and they cannot
transport water and nutrients in the same way, and therefore remain small
in size, and are found in wet, marshy areas.
What are some characteristics of organisms in the Kingdom Fungi? ✔️Ans
- Most well-known organisms are mushrooms, yeasts and molds. Can be
single or multi-celled. Organisms in this kingdom lack chlorophyll and
cannot perform photosynthesis, and are therefore heterotrophs. They are
decomposers, parasites, consumers, and they reproduce asexually. They
reproduce themselves through spores, their bodies are made of filaments
called hyphae, which create the tissue mycelium.
, What are autotrophs? ✔️Ans - They are self feeders, meaning they
produce their own food.
What are some characteristics of organisms in the Kingdom Protista?
✔️Ans - This kingdom includes single-celled organisms that contain a
nucleus as part of their cell structure, but there are also multi-celled. They
absorb food, and are both producers and consumers. This kingdom
includes organisms such as paramecium, amoeba, and slime molds. They
often move around using hair-like structures called cilia, or flagellums.
What are some characteristics of organism in the Kingdom Monera? ✔️Ans
- This kingdom contains only bacteria. All of these organisms are single
celled and do not contain a nucleus, and only have one chromosome to
transport genetic information. They use flagella to move and usually
produce asexually.
What are the levels of classification of organisms? ✔️Ans - Kingdom,
Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
Which feature distinguishes those organisms in Kingdom Monera form
those in other Kingdoms? ✔️Ans - They lack a nucleus.
What Kingdom contains organisms with both plant and animal like
characteristics? ✔️Ans - Fungi Kingdom
Which Kingdom's members are both multicellular and autotrophic? ✔️Ans
- Plantae
Which kingdoms members have tissue called hyphae? ✔️Ans - Fungi
What are the three types of microorganims? ✔️Ans - bacteria, protists,
and fungi.
What are some characteristics of bacteria? ✔️Ans - They are single-celled
and do not have a nucleus, their genetic material floats around in the cell.
They are considered decomposers in the ecosystem because they break
down dead organic matter into basic molecules. Bacteria are the most
primitive or organisms and ones that can cause disease.
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