TCDHA OROFACIAL FINAL (W 10 -18 (Ch. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,13 ,14,15 & 1 6) EXAM RATED A. anomaly noticeably different/ not normal dental anomaly - deviations of dental tissue origin derived from enamel, dentin or cementum intrinsic factor internal , coming from within the body examples of intrinsic factors - hereditary - metabolic dysfunction - mutations extrinsic factor external, from outside the body - ex. physical/chemical trauma, biologic agents, nutritional deficiencies, stress, habits, environmental conditions examples of extrinsic factors - physical/chemical trauma - biologic agents - nutritional deficiencies - stress, habits - environmental conditions congenital condition occurs at or before birth - if primary teeth are congenitally missing, their permanent will also be absent developmental anomaly condition results during formation and development of the teeth classification of dental anomalies variation in - SIZE (macrodontia, microdontia) - NUMBER of teeth (hyperdontia, anodontia) macrodontia teeth are too LARGE microdontia teeth are too SMALL hyperdontia MULTIPLE/EXTRA teeth - aka supernumerary (too much) supplemental tooth an extra tooth that resembles a regular tooth anodontia too FEW teeth the most common malformed anterior tooth is maxillary lateral incisor (peg shaped) supernumerary teeth are most commonly located - midline - max molar regions - followed by mand premolar region max supernumerary teeth outnumber mand 9 to 1 most common missing permanent teeth - max 3rd molars - max lateral incisors least likely permanent teeth to be missing canines mesiodens - supernumerary teeth in max midline - most common supernumeraries - peg shaped distomolars 4th molars paramolar a supernumerary tooth situated buccally or lingually to a molar - small & rudimentary conical cone shaped supernumerary tubercle very small supernumerary teeth are much more common in the permanent than in primary dentition odontoma tumorous anomaly of calcified dental tissue - complex or compound complex odontoma - SINGLE mass of dentin, cementum & enamel in a large blob/unspecified shape compound odontoma - SEVERAL small masses that resemble smaller rudimentary teeth dens in dente "tooth within a tooth" - when the outer surface of the crown turns inward before mineralization - permanent max lateral incisors most affected dilaceration - severe bend/ distortion in the root & crown of - more than 40 degrees - most common in mand 3rd molars flexion sharp curvature or twist of a ROOT only dwarfed roots extremely short roots gemination development anomaly - twin teeth, most cases are only partially split - single root and a common pulp canal bifid tooth/bifurcated crown tooth split into 2 crowns with 1 root twinning form of gemination - single tooth germ splits into 2 nearly identical teeth but remaining fused as one gemination more common in anterior area and in primary dentition fusion when 2 adjacent tooth germs unite (part or entire length of tooth) - may be joined by crowns or roots - fusion made at DENTIN concrescence originally separate teeth and become joined before or after eruption - connected by their CEMENTUM - a type of fusion that occurs after the root has formed - result of trauma concrescence more common in max molar region hypercementosis excessive amounts of secondary cementum - usually at APEX of tooth, length of the root, after tooth erupts - first appears on x -ray as radiolucent dark area then later o paque cementoma - a form of hypercementosis associated with localized destruction the bone enamel pearls - small masses of excess enamel - often found at the bifurcation or trifurcation area - formed by a small, misplaced group of ameloblasts hutchinson's incisors "screwdriver shaped" - notched incisors - result of prenatal SYPHILIS 2 types of enamel dysplasia 1. enamel HYPOPLASIA 2. enamel HYPOCALCIFICATION enamel hypoplasia - caused by any condition that inhibits ENAMEL formation - small pits or grooves in the crown enamel hypoplasia caused by - inflammation - fever, - systemic disease - hereditary enamel hypoplasia often occurs in max incisors where enamel is thin enamel hypocalcification - caused by a condition that inhibits the calcification of ENAMEL - amelogenesis imperfecta - enamel fluorosis amelogenesis imperfecta - hereditary, developmental anomaly - enamel of permanent and deciduous teeth affected - sometimes only the permanent teeth affected - when enamel is present, it's thin, and stained with various shades of yellow and brown - fracture easily enamel fluorosis *can range from small white flecks to large opaque areas to brownish spots - in severe cases large discolored areas are called mottled enamel - brownish enamel fluorosis caused by excessive fluoride - occurs from well water or accidental intake of Fl vitamins, mouthwashes most common form of enamel hypocalcification enamel fluorosis turners tooth a hypocalcification of a single tooth, usually a MAX INCISOR - occurs if a developing permanent tooth is affected by a local infection or trauma dentinogenesis imperfecta hereditary - dentin is gray, brown or yellow - tooth has a transparent hue *pulp chamber and root canal are completely filled with dentin tetracycline staining expectant mother or child with developing crowns takes tetracycline antibiotics - teeth discolor - yellow to brown or grayish blue the periodontium includes - gingiva - cementum - bone - PDL the periodontium
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