Cell Physiology
Nervous System
The Brain (CNS)
The Brain across Species
The spinal cord (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System
Imaging the Brain
❖ Magnetic Resonance Imaging- for diagnosing disease
❖ Diffusion weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging- to learn about connections
Understanding the function in brain; Insight from Damage
Phineas Gage, railroad worker
- 1823-1860
- In 1848- accidental explosion blew iron bar through his head
- Dramatic change in personality
Functions of Nervous System
❖ Nervous system- controls and coordinated functions throughout body and responds to internal and external
stimuli
❖ Specifically, nervous system:
o Detects changes within and around body
o Responds to external changes
o Receives and Interprets sensory information
o Stimulates muscles and glands
Areas of nervous system: The Landscape
, ❖ CNS- Central Nervous system
o Brain and spinal cord
❖ PNS- Peripheral Nervous System
o Cranial & Spinal nerves
o Ganglia
Basic Building blocks of nervous system: The Neuron
❖ Neurones- composed on AXON, DENDRITES, and CELL BODY
Supporting Cells: Glial Cells in CNS
Areas of Nervous System:
❖ Gray matter- Cell bodies of neurones reside in gray matter
❖ White matter- axons reside in white matter
CNS- Brain
Brain divisions:
❖ Cerebrum
❖ Diencephalon
❖ Brain Stem
❖ Cerebellum
Cerebrum
❖ Sulci- Infoldings of Cerebral Hemispheres- that form ‘valleys’ between gyri (singular- sulcus)
❖ Gyri- Ridges of infolded cerebral cortex (singular- gyrus)
Nervous System
The Brain (CNS)
The Brain across Species
The spinal cord (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System
Imaging the Brain
❖ Magnetic Resonance Imaging- for diagnosing disease
❖ Diffusion weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging- to learn about connections
Understanding the function in brain; Insight from Damage
Phineas Gage, railroad worker
- 1823-1860
- In 1848- accidental explosion blew iron bar through his head
- Dramatic change in personality
Functions of Nervous System
❖ Nervous system- controls and coordinated functions throughout body and responds to internal and external
stimuli
❖ Specifically, nervous system:
o Detects changes within and around body
o Responds to external changes
o Receives and Interprets sensory information
o Stimulates muscles and glands
Areas of nervous system: The Landscape
, ❖ CNS- Central Nervous system
o Brain and spinal cord
❖ PNS- Peripheral Nervous System
o Cranial & Spinal nerves
o Ganglia
Basic Building blocks of nervous system: The Neuron
❖ Neurones- composed on AXON, DENDRITES, and CELL BODY
Supporting Cells: Glial Cells in CNS
Areas of Nervous System:
❖ Gray matter- Cell bodies of neurones reside in gray matter
❖ White matter- axons reside in white matter
CNS- Brain
Brain divisions:
❖ Cerebrum
❖ Diencephalon
❖ Brain Stem
❖ Cerebellum
Cerebrum
❖ Sulci- Infoldings of Cerebral Hemispheres- that form ‘valleys’ between gyri (singular- sulcus)
❖ Gyri- Ridges of infolded cerebral cortex (singular- gyrus)
