UT TYLER FNP NURS 5350 Adv Patho
Exam 1 With 100% Correct Answers
2023/2024
Seven specialized cellular functions: - Correct Answer-movement, conductivity,
metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, and reproduction
Nucleus - Correct Answer-aids in cell division and control of genetic info, contains DNA
(think the egg yolk)
Ribosomes - Correct Answer-RNA-protein complexes; float freely in cytoplasm; provide
sites for cellular protein synthesis; packages and modifies protein for transportation and
secretion
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - Correct Answer-specializes in the synthesis and
transport of the protein and lipid components of most of the cells organelles (memory
factory)
Golgi complex - Correct Answer-Organelle that packages and distributes proteins into
vesicles and transports within and outside of cell (refining plant in cytoplasm; traffic cop-
what goes in and out of cytoplasm)
Lysosomes - Correct Answer-An organelle containing digestive enzymes; digest and
remove wastes, digest debris from dead cells; if ruptured, they can digest cell contents;
autodigestion occurs in starvation
Mitochondria - Correct Answer-Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP
(energy) production; pathway for metabolism of carbs, lipids, and amino acids into ATP;
to keep the cell alive; can grow and self-replicate in the cell
Cytoskeleton - Correct Answer-A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the
cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement; "bones and muscle" of the cell; have cilia
to move it on out
Characteristics of plasma membrane - Correct Answer-made up of lipids and proteins;
the basic component is a bi-layer of lipid molecules that are responsible for the
structural integrity of the membrane
The _______________ prevents water soluble molecules from entering cells across the
plasma membrane - Correct Answer-Phospholipid layer
, Prokaryote - Correct Answer-unicellular organism lacking a nucleus; contains NO
organelles (include cyanobacteria, bacteria, and rickettsia)
cellular receptors - Correct Answer-protein molecules on the plasma membrane, in the
cytoplasm, or in the nucleus that can recognize and bind with specific smaller molecules
called ligands
passive transport - Correct Answer-The movement of materials through a cell
membrane WITHOUT using energy; no-energy transport of uncharged molecules
through any semi-permeable barrier (occurs down a concentration gradient)
Diffusion - Correct Answer-Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration
to an area of lower concentration.
concentration gradient - Correct Answer-A difference in the concentration of a
substance across a distance.
hydrostatic pressure - Correct Answer-the mechanical force of water PUSHING against
cellular membranes
Osmosis - Correct Answer-Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable
membrane; from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water
concentration; directly r/t hydrostatic pressure and solute concentration; PULL
active transport - Correct Answer-the movement of materials through a cell membrane
using energy
mediated transport - Correct Answer-simultaneous movement of a single solute
molecule in one direction (uniport); of two different solute molecules in one direction
(symport); of two different solute molecules in opposite directions (antiport)
passive mediated transport - Correct Answer-"facilitated diffusion;" moving molecules
through membranes WITHOUT expending energy; moving DOWN a concentration
gradient
active mediated transport - Correct Answer-"active transport;" Requires the expenditure
of metabolic energy (ATP); moving UP or AGAINST a concentration gradient; the major
cellular energy currency
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