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Summary PEDIATRICS NOTES
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WELL WRITTEN PEDIATRICS NOTES THAT COVERS ALL THE TOPICS. SOURCES; UWORLD + AMBOSS + OME
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PediatricsOME + UWORLD
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, TABLE OF CONTENTS
NEONATOLOGY 2
INFECTIOUS DISEASE 53
CARDIOLOGY 107
ENDOCRINOLOGY 127
GASTROINTESTINAL 134
HEMATOLOGY 164
MUSCULOSKELETAL 188
DERMATOLOGY 209
NEUROLOGY 216
ENT 240
OPHTHALMOLOGY 241
PSYCHIATRY 244
RENAL 255
REPRODUCTIVE 271
RESPIRATORY 282
MULTISYSTEM 293
pg. 1
, NEONATOLOGY
1. Preparation:
a. Towels, and warmers ON.
b. Respiratory equipment.
c. Check mother’s gravid and para status, gestational age and prenatal care.
2. Within the first minute:
a. STIMULATION. Goal is to overcome primary apnea!
i. To get the baby to take the first breath:
1. Rub back using towels or
2. Tap feet.
ii. Oxygenation; should be maintained between 60 and 65.
1. Desuction the mouth and then nose (to prevent MAS).
2. No response PPV (positive pressure ventilation).
3. No response Intubate. Might be secondary apnea.
iii. Heart rate; above 100 bpm.
1. Less than 100 bpm PPV.
3. At first minute: do APGAR score.
a. Score should be 7-10.
b. Less than 7 do something. Check oxygenation and ventilation.
4. In the first 5 minutes:
a. Maintain SpO2 between 80 and 85 using FiO2. Consider PPV and intubation
use.
b. HR greater than 100 bpm. 60-100 bpm it’s a respiratory problem so PPV.
c. If less than 60, it’s a heart problem so initiate CPR (3:1), umbilical vein
access for epinephrine.
5. At 5 minutes do APGAR score again.
a. Score should be between 7 and 10, or at least there is improvement.
6. Between 5 and 10 minutes:
a. Maintain SpO2 at 90 to 95 using FiO2. Consider PPV and intubation use.
b. HR greater than 100 bpm. 60-100 bpm it’s a respiratory problem so PPV.
c. If less than 60, it’s a heart problem so initiate CPR (3:1), umbilical vein
access for epinephrine.
7. If baby does not improve, continue APGAR until we get to a 7-10.
What is APGAR?
• Assess the need for resuscitation.
pg. 2
, • Most neonates have scores between 7 and 9 and require no intervention.
• Scores less than 7 may require evaluation and resuscitation.
Healthy neonates:
• Blood-tinged, mucoid vaginal discharge, breast bud development, and labial swelling
are all effects of intrauterine estrogen exposure.
• Withdrawal bleeding occurs 1-2 weeks after delivery and is self-limiting.
• Labial swelling recedes after a few days.
• Breast bud development and even some milky discharge is physiological.
• Loses up to 7% of their birth weight in the first 5 days of life due to excretion of
excess fluid acquired in utero and during labor.
o Birth weight should be regained in 10 to 14 days.
o Weight should double by 6 months and triples by 1 year.
• The number of wet diapers should equal age in days for the first week. After the first
week, infants should have 6 or more wet diapers per day.
• Dry, flaky, peeling skin of the hands and feet is expected as the skin adjusts to the
dry extrauterine environment.
• The appearance of “pink stains” or “brick dust” in neonatal diapers represent uric acid
crystals. Commonly seen during the first week of life.
pg. 3
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