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Cardiovascular NUR 305 – Questions & Answers
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Cardiovascular NUR 305 – Questions & AnswersWhen are most congenital heart defects found? Correct Ans -
Preterm ultrasound or at birth
Why is poor feeding an indicator of cardiac dysfunction? Correct Ans -
Takes a lot of effort to suck and swallow
What are some assessment findings that indicate cardiac dysfunction?
Correct Ans - tachypnea and tachycardia
Why would you see faster breathing and heart rate in a child with cardiac
dysfunction? Correct Ans - trying to oxygenate better
What is the typical situation that indicates cardiac dysfunction?
Correct Ans - Failure to thrive, poor weight gain, activity intolerance,
developmental delays
What might the prenatal history look like if a baby has cardiac dysfunction?
Correct Ans - Preterm birth, IDM, IUGR
When doing a physical exam for suspected cardiac dysfunction, what
should you make sure to assess? Correct Ans - BP and pulses in
both upper and lower extremities
What is characteristic of some cardiac defects? Correct Ans -
Differences in upper and lower extremity BP and pulses
What occurs in up to 80% of children at some time? Correct Ans -
Innocent murmurs (normal)
T/F: Murmurs can occur in both systole or diastole. Correct Ans -
True
What factors may cause a murmur in normal heart in periods of stress?
Correct Ans - Anemia, fever, rapid growth
Which type of cardiac defect results from abnormal anatomical function?
Correct Ans - Congenital
, Which type of cardiac defect results from a disease process, such as a
tumor or virus? Correct Ans - Acquired
What is the biggest risk for a delivering a child with a heart defect?
Correct Ans - Diabetes during pregnancy, especially uncontrolled in
first trimester
When getting a history for babies, what should you make sure to get as
well? Correct Ans - Mothers prenatal history
What is the incidence of CHD? Correct Ans - 1 in every 110 live
births
How many babies with CHF are symptomatic within the first year of life?
Correct Ans - 2 or 3 per 1,000 cases
What is the most common congenital heart defect? Correct Ans -
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
28% of children with CHD also have what? Correct Ans - Another
recognized anomaly (trisomy 21)
What percentage of Down syndrome babies also have a structural heart
defect? Correct Ans - 30-50%
What is the most common heart defect seen with Down syndrome?
Correct Ans - endocardial cushion defect (ECD)
What is ECD a combination of ? Correct Ans - ASD and VSD
How are heart defects categorized? Correct Ans - According to the
effects from them
What is the first and most common category of heart defects in kids?
Correct Ans - Increased pulmonary blood flow (more blood flow to
lungs)
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