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psych 115 quizzes and final exam 2024 questions and correct answers
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PSYCH 115 QUIZZES AND FINAL EXAM 2024 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS~ A+ STU DYGUIDE You are listening in on a discussion among a group of psychology majors. One major says that field will only move forward if we use objective methods for understanding the principles that guide publicly observable human actions. This statement is most consistent with Correct Answer behaviourism Your friend claims that a diet change led to weight loss and muscle gain for him, and that you should try it too. Which of the following represents a scientific approach to your friend's claim? Correct Answer Your friend's claim is anecdotal evidence, which could be true or false and requires further testing. A major problem with common -sense proverbs is that they often coexist with their complete opposite. For example, when people talk about dating they might say both "Opposites attract" and "Birds of a feather flock together!" This violates which principle of critical thinking? Correct Answer Falsifiability Critical thinking is Correct Answer a set of skills for evaluating claims in an open -minded and careful manner. When attempting to differentiate between useful and useless information from popular psychology, what is a good rule to follow? Correct Answer Insist on evidence to ac curately evaluate all claims. Psychological research applied to police settings has compared simultaneous lineups to sequential lineups, in order to make recommendations that increase eyewitness accuracy. Which category of research is this? Correct Answer Applied According to evolutionary psychologists, which of the following explains why men and women tend to have slightly different approaches to sex and relationships? Correct Answer Differences in the 'cost' of mating Michael says that he is not racist , yet he avoids areas of the city that he thinks are 'ethnic' because he says he does not feel safe. In this example, Michael is demonstrating a phenomenon called __________. Correct Answer bias blind spot What influence did psychology need to break away from in order to establish itself as a discipline and be free of associations with studying the spirit or soul? Correct Answer Spiritualism "The contents of the Bible must be true because it's been around for thousands of years." This is an example of the __________ fallacy. Correct Answer argument from antiquity What early American psychologist wanted to identify the basic elements of psychology in order to create a 'map' or 'periodic table' of consciousness? Correct Answer Edward Titchener All types of psychology involve Correct Answer the use of scientific methods. Which theoretical framework proposed that our lives are full of symbols, or things that represent other things? Correct Answer Psychoanalysis Suppose a theorist decides not to revise his t heory despite a large amount of contradictory evidence. If this continues, it's very likely that this theory Correct Answer will join the ranks of pseudoscience. With its study of the adaptive purpose of various psychological systems, evolutionary psychol ogy is most like which early psychological school of thought? Correct Answer Functionalism A key characteristic of a pseudoscience is that incorrect theories are Correct Answer never corrected or changed. One person interprets eye contact as friendly, an d another person interprets it as threatening. Which of the following fields is most interested in this difference of interpretation? Correct Answer cognitivism. Based on Occam's razor, a good theory is __________; that is, it offers the __________ explan ation for the available data. Correct Answer parsimonious; most simple Recall from your text that researchers gave students false feedback about their abilities to distinguish between false and real documents. At the conclusion of the study, the researche rs informed the students that their feedback was in no way related to their actual performance. However, on a subsequent task where the students had to estimate their performance on a similar task, they used this false feedback to guide their estimates. Th is is an example of Correct Answer belief perseverance. Many claims of ESP have been refuted because, under controlled conditions, the claimants have been unable to reproduce what they claim to have done in the past. This an example of the failure to Correct Answer replicate. In science, a scientific theory is defined as a(n) Correct Answer explanation for a large number of findings Which theoretical school of thought focused on early childhood experience as a major influence on behaviour? Correct Answer psychoanalysis What does science have that pseudoscience lacks? Correct Answer Safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance. Suppose you were one of the early students in the new field of psychology. Your mentor is interested in answers to questions such as "Why do we see in colour?" "Why do people cry when they are sad?" and "Why do we dream?" Your mentor's approach is most consistent with the __________ perspective. Correct Answer functionalist Science begins with the premise that know ledge should first be acquired through observation. This premise is called __________. Correct Answer empiricism A friend says he will not have his new baby inoculated against any childhood diseases because he is afraid the shots will cause autism. You po int out that there is no scientific evidence to support that idea. He says he knows that, but he just feels that it is true. What logical fallacy is at work? Correct Answer emotional reasoning fallacy Wilhelm Wundt developed the first full -fledged psychol ogical laboratory in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany. He pioneered the technique of __________, in which trained observers reflected on and reported on their own mental experiences. Correct Answer introspection Georgio does not want to take college entrance exam s because he thinks they will not accurately reflect his ability to succeed in college and are no more useful than flipping a coin. His guidance counselor explains that psychologists have determined that, although not perfect, these tests are significantly better than chance at predicting college success. These psychologists are sharing some __________ with Georgio. Correct Answer applied researchThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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