I know how overwhelming it is to stare at over 100 pages of evolution notes and not know where to start. Well, start here. I condensed all of the notes into just a few pages (without leaving out any important information). These notes helped me achieve 95% in Life Science for matric and I hope they...
EVIDENCE =general explanation of an nb natural phenomenon with a reliable bd of evidence that has
dvlp through extensive+repeated observations+experiments to support it
2. BIOGEOGRAPHY EVIDENCE
*biogeography: study of past +present distribution of world's many species Science and Religion
1.fossil records. |. 2. biogeography. | 3. DNA(genetics)+molecular biology
*very diff p+a species in regions of same lat with sim climate, • Science: deals with the material world, investigates physical+natural
4.Homologies+comparitive anatomy |5. Embryology. | 6..Vestigal organs|
aspects of life using scientific method
marsupials(pouches)+monotremes(egg- laying mam) 7. Biodiversity |8.Physiology
1. marsupials vs placentals • Religion: deals with strongly held beliefs, morals, atitudes+spiritual,
[large indig mammals in Ausi region all marsupials vs all other biog region=placentals] philosphical+ethical 'why' q
2. Africa vs South America 1. FOSSIL EVIDENCE -cannot be used to test each other
[SA-neotropical+africa-afrotropical biog r virt identical climate but very diff animals *evidence of systematic evo. ∆ ie evidence for micro+macro-evo[regular change] -complemntary rather than antagonistic
.˙. env cannot account for dis/similarity since sim env can -entirely dif species groups * bias: very few indv bcm f, hard bd org more likely to f, most f aquatic a, not discovered
3.different species of flightless birds/ratites *evidence of descent with modification e.g. dvp of modern horse[no reversals found] 1. Science is ongoing process while religion is open to moral, ethical+philsophical
[Ratites: rheas in S Am, ostriches in Africa, emus in Australia] interpretations
*3 diff species all originated from own ancestor, as common f.b. cld not fly across ocean 1. incr in complexity:oldest rocks, simplest fossils-> youngest rocks human anc 2. science does not claim to know everything
4. diff collection of p+a in regions same latitude, similar climates+conditions 2. incr in diversity: 3.science can explain how life developed through evolution but cannot explain the
Old World +new world monkeys[N: flat face, wide nostril vs O: long snout, close nostril] -Cladogenesis: branching descendents->biodiversity increases mystery of how life started
clustering pattern of closely allied species
*novelties/key innovations- new+original adaptation often -> new genera+species occ
DARWIN 3. more extinct species as one moves back in time(99% org extinxt-not adapt, natural)
1.closely related species located nearby- similar species descended from common a New spps better adapted survive->replace+fill vacant niches(spss not fixed, ∆ +evolve)
2. similar env can contain entirley dif species groups- desc. from a that were diff 4. existence of intermediate forms btw species(transitional/link fossils)
3. oceanic islands *transitional fossils: mixture of traits show link btw groups 'missing link'
- although species sim to each other, diff slightly on each island *evidence of modification by descent[one group given rise to another]
- species livings on islands more closely related to species living on nearest mainland, e.g.mammal-like reptiles(abundantly in karoo) intermediate btw reptiles+mammals
even though diff env, compared sps from other island groups
5. overall incr in size: starting pt tiny unicellular org
4. extinct species closely resembled living in same region-
modern sps replaced+evl into fossil forms[ground sloth+living 2-toed tree sloth]
5. .˙. 2 diff groups of orgs must have arisen by descent by modification from diff Cambrian explosion: 545 mya rapid diversification over rl short period -app huge
ancestors on each side of line diversity of complex, multi-celled orgs
*today estimated 1.4 to 1.7 m species of org
Wallace line: imaginary line bisects Malay archipelago from N-W and SE parts
[each part diff group of living orgs:deep seaways prevented migration btw islands] <- mockingbird species Galapagos islands:diff spps of m on each island. Spps were closer
in app to those on mainland than anywhere else in world
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller zoepearson. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.82. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
