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News and journalism (S_NAJ)
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NEWS AND JOURNALISM WEEK 1/MODULE 1:
THE NEWS AND THE NEW(S) CONSUMER.
QUIZ – WEEK 1;
1. In the course of history, societies have developed various forms to disseminate
important military news (see Box 1.1 from Chapter 1 of Perloff). What forms existed?
Historical examples can be found for;
-Many writers in colonial America wrote opinionated pieces to preach the Revolution
rather than reporting the reality as truthfully as possible
-Important messages about military events were spread by having a messenger run
as quickly as possible from one city to another
-A court poet accompanied the army to later (poetically) report on the events
2. In Chapter 1 Prologue: News in a fragmented age, Perloff outlines several issues
that journalism faces today.
Perloff argues that political leaders (of which Trump is an example) are not the only
ones who sometimes deliberately misunderstand the purpose and function of news.
The American public also lacks a good understanding of how news works.
3. Costera Meijer & Groot Kormelink (2020) differentiate between 24 different ways in
which people consume news.
● Statement 1: Reading is a practice of news use that is more about understanding
news events than only taking note about them.
● Statement 2: News checking is a habit in which the news user tries to find out as
efficiently as possible whether something interesting has happened
4. Before doing their research, Costera Meijer & Groot Kormelink (2020) expected that
digital, social and mobile media had drastically changed the way people deal with
news. They found out this is both true and not true. How so?
Digital and mobile media have lowered the threshold to news consumption. News
consumption as a social experience, though, has not become more important because
of that.
5. According to Costera Meijer & Groot Kormelink (2020), which of the following ways
of consuming news has increased in recent years due to fears about fake news?
Triangulation
Chapter 1
introduciong iddues
news is important as;
It remains the main forum for discussion of issues of public importance. It offers
an arena in which journalists and media firms, politicians, other high-status
sources of information and audiences come together to inform, persuade,
influence, endorse or reject one another in a collaborative process of making
meaning from events.
It monitors and describes the world in which we live,
explains and interprets complex events,
fosters empathy for those marginalized or afflicted by tragedies,
cultivates account- ability of leaders to citizens by serving as an autonomous
check of power
, Journalism exposes corruption, draws attention to injustice, holds politicians and
businesses accountable for their promises and duties. It informs citizens and
consumers, helps organize public opinion, explains complex issues and clarifies
essential disagreements
news over the years
news changed dramatically in form, content, functions, economics, and impact
over the centuries, morphing, little by little, beginning in the 19th century, into
the dramatic narrative style that characterizes conventional news today
forms to disseminate important military news;
Historical examples can be found for;
-Many writers in colonial America wrote opinionated pieces to preach the Revolution
rather than reporting the reality as truthfully as possible
-Important messages about military events were spread by having a messenger run
as quickly as possible from one city to another
-A court poet accompanied the army to later (poetically) report on the events
issues that journalism faces today;
Perloff argues that political leaders (of which Trump is an example) are not the only
ones who sometimes deliberately misunderstand the purpose and function of news.
The American public also lacks a good understanding of how news works.
Article : Coster Meijer&GrootKormelink 2020
research design over 10 years, various groups In the Netherlands -
Investigating what people DO with news, not how they assess the news
3 drastic shifts : from news consumed in fixed places & at fixed times to mobile news
consumed at moments selected by the user ; from generalised news to customised
news, tailored to the user’s individual desires & needs ; from news consumed
passively by users to news to which they actively contribute.
.
What people do with news & what this means to them ? →
1 : how practices of news use have changed reflecting the digitalisation of news & the
introduction of social media.
2 : It aims to expand & deepen the existing professional & academic vocabulary about
journalism from the perspective of the user.
, News usage is mostly limited to reading, watching, checking, listening, clicking, or
sharing news.
The audience studies of 2004-05 & 2011-20 included a wide variety of methods :
quantitative surveys & digital news tracking, diaries, focus groups, & in-depth
interviews which included the think-aloud protocol ; day-in-the-life method : raking
exercises, sensory ethnography , & video-ethnography.
24 - distinguishable ways in which people deal with news
all types of news use are defined as activities. - News as an experience
Medium →Categories are tied to the platform, medium
Developments→ news consumptions evolves, but old usages of news remain (at
least for certain segments)
Types:
Reading → is about depth : it’s done individually, with great attention, & (when users
have enough time) in loger sessions. is more about understanding news events than
only taking note about them; 15 years later, reading as an attentive news practice
remains unchanged, it has become less tied to one platform ; News is read
increasingly in digital formats.
in depth understanding
Watching → Digital TV has made it possible to watch the news in ways similar to
how readers read newspapers or magazines ; When they watch, they’re immersed in
the news & when something else demands attention, they can easily put it down ;
Aside from fulfilling an informational, ritual, & communicative function, watching,
like reading, also provides a moment of pleasure : people deeply enjoy these
practices.
in depth understanding
Viewing → When the content becomes truly interesting she will temporally switch to
lean-forward watching, but viewing is her default mode.
lean back practices
Glancing → means subconsciously taking a brief or hurried look at news headlines.
Listening → 2014 : more active forms of listening to news, podcasts…2019 :
podcasts are especially popular among younger generations & listened at home,
followed by public & private transport ; association of listening with creating
intimacy : it enables the demarcation of a personal space & being off the world for
some time ; Like reading, listening is about deep enjoyment ; you usually select a
podcast that fits your current mood ; Before people were sitting close to the device &
listened intently to radio plays, while now, listening a podcast is more intense than
hearing, it may not be quite as intense as reading or watching because it’s often
combined with other activities.
in depth understanding
, Hearing → listening is more intense, focused activity, while hearing news is less seen
as an activity in its own right ; distinction can be illustrated by comparing noise to
sound ; hearing is done less attentively than listening & is more akin to viewing :
content matters, but more important are the diversion, entertainment, &
companionship it offers, & the feeling of being connected to the outside world.
lean back practices
Checking → habitual activity ; involves finding out as efficiently as possible ;
checking is bout knowing not about understanding (find out as efficiently as possible
whether something interesting has happened); 2004-5 : limited to the availability of
wired internet & a moment of pause BUT today is a 24/7 checking.
diversion, pause
Snacking → describing a laid-back form of news consumption ; is about diversion :
users consume bits & pieces of information in a relaxed, easygoing fashion to fill time
while waiting for an appointment or to create a moment for oneself ; much more
widely facilitated today ; Snacking news is a markedly more relaxed mode of news
use than checking ; can be compared to user strategies such as flipping through a
magazine ; 2019 : dominant practice on Instagram (stories).
Scanning → differs from checking & snacking in that it pertains to the highlights of
news in order to get this gist of the story ; is about efficiently seeing whether there are
any new developments one should know about, often within a specific domain ; users
stay on the surface of a text & pick out individuals words & sentences that indicate
change ; is about usefulness & less about pleasure.
diversion, pause
Monitoring → as actively surveying the informational environment to be able to
come into action when necessary ; is about remaining alert to emergent developments
of a particular calamity which my put yourself or whatever into danger ; If monitoring
is usually focused on one event, as a focused activity it is in come ways similar to
checking & scanning, but checking serves as an end in itself (overview), while
scanning serves a similar purpose but remains on the surface & includes a broader
array of topics.
diversion, pause
Searching → about finding an answer to a specific question ; in 2004 searching was
computer - & place - bound , by 2014 the “smartphonization” & “Wi-Fication” of
journalism had enabled searching to become intertwined with other everyday
activities.
intense practices
Clicking → hitting news items or links for more information is a particular news
habit we call clicking ; difference between clicking on hyperlinks within news items
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