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PSYC 140 - Final Exam Questions And Answers Latest Updated 2025 (100% VERIFIED)
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PSYC 140 - Final Exam Questions And Answers Latest Updated (100% VERIFIED) According to social psychologists Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary, human beings have a fundamental psychological need to ________. excel belong compete achieveCorrect Ans:-belong When surveyed, over 87% of Americans rep...

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  • February 11, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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PSYC 140 - Final Exam Questions And Answers
Latest Updated 2024-2025 (100% VERIFIED)

According to social psychologists Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary, human beings have a
fundamental psychological need to ________.

excel
belong
compete
achieveCorrect Ans:-belong

When surveyed, over 87% of Americans reported that they

preferred to spend significant periods of time without other people around.
were married or wanted to be married.
had a social media account.
lived with other people.Correct Ans:-lived with other people.

Paulette recently irritated some of the girls in a sorority at her college, so they have decided to
exclude her from their group. The group of girls ignores Paulette-- shuns her-- and
communicates that she is not welcome at their events. The group of sorority sisters is using
________ to communicate their displeasure with Paulette.

ostracism
reactance
affiliation
social facilitationCorrect Ans:-ostracism

The practices of excluding one or more individuals from a group by reducing or eliminating
contract with that person, often by ignoring, shunning, or explicitly banishing them, is called
________.

marginalizing
prejudice
ostracism
peripheralizationCorrect Ans:-ostracism

Researchers have studied whether being left out of a group can cause the same neural
responses as physical pain. Through fMRI studies, they found that two areas of the brain - the
dorsal anterior cingulate and the ________ showed heightened activity when a person
experienced social ostracism. This suggests that social pain can be as problematic as physical
pain!

anterior insula
suprachiasmatic nucleus
substantia nigra
posterior putamenCorrect Ans:-anterior insula

What evidence supports the idea that social pain might be as devastating to a human being as
physical pain?

Sleep studies find that brain activity during sleep changes if one experiences social ostracism
within 2 or 3 hours of going to sleep.
fMRI imaging studies find similar brain areas activated by both experiences.

,Body temperature studies find that the human body reduces temperature in response to social
pain, such as ostracism.
Analyses of blood chemistry find that social pain can decrease the levels of stress hormones in
one's blood.Correct Ans:-fMRI imaging studies find similar brain areas activated by both
experiences.

Which social psychologist produced a theory of social comparison, suggesting that in many
cases people join with others to evaluate the accuracy of their own beliefs and attitudes?

Leon Festinger
Merrill Carlsmith
Hugo Munsterberg
Alfred AdlerCorrect Ans:-Leon Festinger

After William went to college, he decided to join the Young Republicans club. He went to make
sure that his political beliefs where shared and supported by others, and that he could feel
confident that his positions were legitimate. According to Leon Festinger, William's decision to
join this group was driven by the process of social ________.

bias
validation
loafing.
comparisonCorrect Ans:-comparison

Which of the following statements demonstrates the process of downward social comparison?

"Hey, let's all go out to the club tonight. I really don't want to go by myself, and they are having
drink specials from 8 until 10 pm!"
"Yes, I got an 82 on the exam, but the average class score was 71 so I'm doing better than
most."
"I really want a better job because all of my friends make more money than I do."
"I wish that I was more attractive than I am. I really hate my own nose!"Correct Ans:-"Yes, I got
an 82 on the exam, but the average class score was 71 so I'm doing better than most."

When Stanley Schachter put people in ambiguous, stressful situations to observe their
responses to such circumstances, what did he observe?

People prefer to deal with stressful and unclear situations alone.
People tend to seek out the company of others in such situations.
People often distract themselves from ambiguous situations by engaging in other activities, like
reading magazines or playing on cell phones.
Unclear and tense situations tend to produce aggressive, even hostile behaviors in most
people.Correct Ans:-People tend to seek out the company of others in such situations.

The idea that one's self-concept and self-esteem is affected by the way in which an individual
categorizes him- or herself as a group member is called ________ theory.

realistic identification
out-group homogeneity
social identity
in-group comparisonCorrect Ans:-social identity

Aaruna believes that all fans of the Toronto Maple Leafs are strong, tough people who are loyal
in any circumstance. Since he has become a fan of that sports team, he starts to think of

,himself in exactly these ways, and describes himself as tough, strong, and loyal. Aaruna's
adjusted self-concept reflects the basic concepts of ________ theory.

attributional
social identity
social comparison
downward driftCorrect Ans:-social identity

The idea that feelings of self-worth are based on our evaluation of relationships with others and
membership in social groups is called _________.

assignment of shared value.
social facilitation.
aggregate self-concept.
collective self-esteemCorrect Ans:-collective self-esteem.

After her high school football team loses a game, Maricella reminds herself that they are still at
the top of their division, and are likely to make it to the championship at the end of the season.
By taking pride in the team's superiority, Maricella is bolstering her feelings through _________.

social facilitation.
collective self-esteem.
the fundamental attribution bias.
upward social comparisonCorrect Ans:-collective self-esteem.

The idea that self-esteem functions to mentally monitor one's degree of inclusion or exclusion
in social groups is called the ________ model.

sociometer
social identity
affiliative joining
social comparisonCorrect Ans:-sociometer

Why might it be most reasonable to state that groups may be the most useful invention of
humanity?

Because groups provide opportunities to compete and win, and therefore boost self-esteem.
Because groups allow us to reach goals that could not be accomplished individually.
Because groups give us a mirror against which to assess our own status in society.
Because groups allow us to create a social hierarchy and establish dominance over
others.Correct Ans:-Because groups allow us to reach goals that could not be accomplished
individually.

During his early work, social psychologist Normal Triplett noted that cyclists were faster in
races against other riders than they were when they were racing alone against a clock. This lead
to his concept of __________.

actor-observer biases
dominance hierarchy
social loafing
social facilitationCorrect Ans:-social facilitation

Which circumstance provides an example of social facilitation?

, When working out at the gym, Josh runs faster on his treadmill when another customer is
running on the treadmill beside him than he does when he's all alone.
When Akira sees a customer yelling at a cashier for crushing her bread while bagging groceries,
Akira assumes that the customer must be having a very bad day.
When Victor is assigned to work on a group project in his sociology class, he doesn't do very
much because he assumes the other group members will do his work for him.
When at the library, Gina tends to take many more books than she will actually read because
they are free and considered a public resource.Correct Ans:-When working out at the gym, Josh
runs faster on his treadmill when another customer is running on the treadmill beside him than
he does when he's all alone.

Ingrid goes to a community build of a new playground where dozens have people have shown
up to lend a hand. Ingrid doesn't really want to help, so she makes sure to take the easiest tasks
possible, and puts very little effort into them. She does not think her lack of effort will matter
or will be noticed. Ingrid is demonstrating ________.

collective reduction
deconstructed effort
social facilitation
social loafingCorrect Ans:-social loafing

The Baltimore Bashers, a semi-professional football team, has been very successful this season.
When interviewed, the head coach says that their success comes from having a tight-knit team
of players who like and support each other and who believe that they can only be successful
together. The coach is referring to group ________.

facilitation
identification
cohesion
socializationCorrect Ans:-cohesion

Charlotte is forming a new medieval singing group on her college campus. There are 12 singers
involved, and they are trying to determine how the group will exist. Right now there is a lot of
disagreement and conflict among the singers, and they are trying to determine a solution that
will make everyone happy. According to Tuckman's model, the group is in the ________ stage.

storming
norming
forming
adjourningCorrect Ans:-storming

An temporary committee to address company policy on promotions was formed at the Iwanna
Workhere Corporation. The group had five meetings, ironed out new wording for the promotion
procedures, and is now deciding that future meetings are no longer necessary. In Tuckman's
model of group formation, what stage is this group now in?

adjournment
storming
performing
normingCorrect Ans:-adjournment

Anushka is generally in favor of a new candidate for Prime Minister of England, but knows that
the candidate is controversial and extreme. She discusses her concerns with other people who
support the candidate, and at the end of the talk they are all much more in favor of their
candidate. This demonstrates the process of ________.

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