LCDC EXAM STUDY Guide Correct Questions and Answers

LCDC EXAM STUDY Guide Correct Questions and Answers Two main types of cells in the nervous system - ANSWERSglia and neurons Glia - ANSWERSCells that out number neurons, cannot process information like neurons, make up the blood brain barrier that protects the brain from toxic chemicals in the blood Nervous system - ANSWERSConsists of neurons, axons and receptors Receptors - ANSWERSProteins that help regulate activity of cells in the nervous system. Activation of receptors by neurotransmitters cause a change in activity of the target cell and many of the effects of psychoactive drugs are due to the ability to alter neurotransmitters. Neurons - ANSWERSbasic structural unit of the nervous system responsible for analyzing and transmitting information. There are more than 100 billion neurons in the nervous system Synapse - ANSWERSTypical point of communication, gap between neurons is called the synaptic cleft. Two types of synapses - ANSWERSExcitatory and inhibitory synapse. The receiving region is called the dendrite Effects on receptors - ANSWERSCan be agonistic or antagonistic Agonistic drugst - ANSWERSinteract with the receptor and produce a response, agonist (a substance that fully activates the neuronal receptor that it attaches to) Imitates the action of neurotransmitter, is the use of a (usually) long-acting medication that stimulates the same brain receptors as the drug of addiction. The most obvious example is opioid agonist therapy for opioid addiction using methadone or buprenorphine. An agonist is a drug that activates certain receptors in the brain. Full agonist opioids activate the opioid receptors in the brain fully resulting in the full opioid effect. Examples of full agonists are heroin, oxycodone, methadone, hydrocodone, morphine, opium and others. Buprenorphine is a partial agonist meaning, it activates the opioid receptors in the brain, but to a much lesser degree than a full agonist. A pure opioid antagonist used in medicine is naloxone (not to be confused with naltrexone). Antagonisitic - ANSWERSDrugs interact with the receptor but prevent a response, agonist drugs which bind to the neurotransmitters in the brain, antagonist drugs do the opposite: they block the brain's neurotransmitters. The action of neurotransmitter is obstructed. Buprenorphine also acts as an antagonist, meaning it blocks other opioids,