Gender and Feminism QUESTIONS WITH CERTIFIED ANSWERS
3 views 0 purchase
Course
Feminism
Institution
Feminism
New Social Movements --emerged in the 1960s
-challenged traditional political allegiances of
.Western liberal politics
.Worker-based movements (labor unions)
.State socialism (Western and Eastern Europe)
.broad-based and identity-based
Broad-Based Movements -.Civil rights movements
.Anti-Vie...
gender and feminism questions with certified answe
Written for
Feminism
All documents for this subject (584)
Seller
Follow
Layer
Reviews received
Content preview
Gender and Feminism QUESTIONS
WITH CERTIFIED ANSWERS
New Social Movements -✔✔-emerged in the 1960s
-challenged traditional political allegiances of
.Western liberal politics
.Worker-based movements (labor unions)
.State socialism (Western and Eastern Europe)
.broad-based and identity-based
Broad-Based Movements -✔✔.Civil rights movements
.Anti-Vietnam War activism
.Environmental movement
.Free speech on campus movement
Identity-based Movements -✔✔-Black Power Movement
-American Indian Movement
-Chicano/a Movement (La Raza)
-Feminist Movement
-Gay and Lesbian Liberation Movement
Identity Politics -✔✔"involve claiming one's identity as a member of an oppressed or marginalized
group as a political point of departure."
-identity becomes a "major factor in political mobilization." (Kathryn Woodward)
,Appealing to Identity Two distinct ways: Essentialist position -✔✔-claims the group's uniqueness
Ex: assumes women are more caring and peaceful because of their biological capacity to give birth
-Problem: doesn't account for women who advocate war or for men who advocate peace
Appealing to Identity Two Distinct ways: Non-essentialist position -✔✔-Identities seen as
-relational and dynamic, not static
-multi-dimesional
-fluid and evolving
Ex: working-class feminists; gender queer feminists; feminists of color (Chicana feminists, Black
feminists, Asian American feminists; trans-gender feminists)
What's New About New Social Movements? -✔✔-Critical of "class reductionism" of Marxism
-Recognition of the complexity of multiple social divisions (gender, race, class, sexuality, ethnicity,
disability, citizenship status)
Karl Marx on class struggle -✔✔-Capitalism-a small minority owns the forces of production ('capitalists
or 'ruling class') main goal is profit
-Class divisions in capitalist societies
-Bourgeoisie-those who owned the means of production; the wealthy owner of business and factories;
the ruling class
-Proletariat- the working people whose labor produces profit for the bourgeoise business/factory
owner; the working class
-Communist revolution-workers unite; cast off their chains; build an egalitarian society
Kollontai's critique (1909) -✔✔-Experiences of working-class women are very different from those of
middle-class and wealthy women
-Asks if a single united women's movement is possible in a society based on class contradictions
,-"Women can become truly free and equal only in a world organized along new social and productive
lines."
K's critique of liberal feminism -✔✔-"for the majority of women of the proletariat (working-class), equal
rights with men would mean only an equal share inequality, but for the 'chosen few', for the bourgeois
(ruling-class) women, it would indeed open doors to new and unprecedented rights and privileges that
until now have been enjoyed by men of the bourgeois class alone."
Without a revolution -✔✔...each new concession won by the bourgeois woman would give her yet
another weapon for the exploitation of her younger sister (working-class women) and would go on
increasing the division between the women of the two opposite social camps." (Alexandra Killontai)
Socialist Feminism -✔✔"A woman can posses equal rights and be truly free only in a world of socialized
labor, of harmony, and justice."
-Mapping the Margins (Kimberle Crenshaw)
-Main argument: the concept of a generalized 'essential' gender identity does not address differences
among women based on race or culture
-Proposed method: recognize intersectional identities to understand the complexity of belonging
simultaneously to several groups
Modes of Oppression -✔✔-Do not operate independently of one another
-they intersect to form an interlocking matrix oppression
Crenshaw on Identity Politics -✔✔-Mainstream liberal discourse regards race, gender, and other
identity categorizes as negative frameworks
-Liberal discourse prefers "color -blind" or "gender neutral"
-Can't we all just be people? Why do you have to focus on being (a woman, a black person, a queer
youth, etc.)
Axes of Differences (Intersectionality) -✔✔-Systems of Privilege and Domination
, -Class
-Gender
-Race
-Identities
-Racial Identity
-Gender Identity
-Class Identity
Identity and Social Power -✔✔-Identity-based politics can be a source of strength, community, and
solidarity
-Delineating difference can be the power of domination but also can be the source of social
empowerment and reconstruction
Crenshaw's critique -✔✔-Identity politics "frequently conflates or ignores intragroup differences."
-Ignoring differences within groups contributes to tension among groups
Evidence: two cases illustrating the multiple dimensions of violence against women of color
Crenshaw's critique
Case One: Battered Women's Shelters in Minority Communities -✔✔-Who are the clients?
-Unemployed or underemployed
-Low or no income
-Childcare responsibilities
-Lacking educational or job skills
-May be non-English speaking
-May be undocumented
-Predominantly women of color
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Layer. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
