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ACTION PERSONAL TRAINER CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS & SOLUTIONS
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ACTION PERSONAL TRAINER CERTIFICATIONEXAM QUESTIONS & SOLUTIONS
three major functions of the nervous system - -1. sensory
2. integrative
3. motor
-three types of neurons - -1. interneurons= singles from one neuron to
another
2. motor neurons= spinal cord or brain to other parts of the body
3. sensory neurons= body to spinal cord or brain
-central nervous system - -brain and spinal cord
-peripheral nervous sytem - -all the nerves in the body
-CNS: four major sections of the brain - -1. cerebrum= largest part of the
brain (80%), left and right hemispheres
2. diencephalons= center part of the brain
3. cerebellum= rear part of the brain
4. brain stem= connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord
-PNS - -1. voluntary nervous system (somatic)= signals skeletal muscles to
contract voluntary movements
2.involuntary nervous system (autonomic)= relates the contraction of
internal organs, heart rate, digestion, and breathing
-skeletal system - --major function= to provide form and shape to the body
-axial skeleton= skull, rib cage, vertebral column
-appendicular skeleton= upper and lower extremities
-206 bones, 177 voluntary movement
-synovial joints= 80% of joints in body
-muscular system - -- a single muscle is built from many bundles of muscle
fibers called fascicule
-three types of muscle tissue - -1. cardiac= walls of the heart
2. smooth= composes the epithelial of other hollow organs
3. skeletal= attached to skeleton, voluntary
-three muscle actions - -1. concentric= muscle fibers are shortened,
contractions
2. ecentric= muscles lengthen
3. isometric= tension on the muscle
, -three types of muscle pain after workout - -1. muscle soreness
2. muscle and joint soreness= few hours after workout
3. delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)= lasts for a few days
-cardiorespiratory system - --offer oxygen, protective agents, and nutrients
to the tissues of the kinetic chain (muscular, articular, neural systems)
-cardiovascular system three compounds - -1. heart
2. blood vessels carrying blood between heart and tissue
3. blood
-respiratory sytem (pulmonary system) - --made up of soft tissue and
skeletal structures
-major function= all cells function properly
-three energy systems - -1. immediate energy (ATP-CP system)
2. short term energy (lactic acid or glycolytic system)
3. long term energy (aerobic or oxidative system)
-biomechanics - --use of engineering principles and applying them to
biological organisms (mechanics of tissues, joints, and human movement)
-biomechanics and exercise: anatomy - -1. muscles composed of millions of
fibers
2. these fibers are wrapped by fascia, or connective tissue, called
endomysium
3. endomysium forms bundles that are surrounded by another layer of tissue
called the perimysium
4. perimysium covered by a fibrous facial layer called the epimysium
5. epimysium extends from the tendons that connect the bones to muscles
-five biomechanics benefits of warm-up - -1. cardiorespiratory
enhancements
2. prevents premature fatigue during workouts
3. heighten body temp
4. enhances motor skills and brain transitions for continuos activity
5. symtoms of pain, stress, or discomfort from the skeletal muscles or
cardiovascular systems are increased
-four reasons to cool-down - -1. delays the onset of muscle soreness after
activity by reducing lactic acid build up
2. if exercise is stopped abruptly, heart will not get enough oxygen and this
can cause dizziness or fainting
3. can keep muscle fibers warm for a lengthened amount of time
4. excess adrenaline released during exercise can be used up
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