Summary
Summary Neuronal Networks and Behaviours; sensory systems
- Course
- Institution
I passed the exam with a 9.4!
[Show more]
1 review
By: Dana1234 • 2 months ago
Seller
Follow
lvd26
Reviews received
Content preview
Summary Neuronal Networks and BehavioursLecture 1, Introduction lecture
What do we know about the world?
How can we know anything about the outside world?
- Our 5 senses
But do we see the world the way it really is?
• A shark:
– Hears its prey at >1 km or more
– Smells its prey at >100 m
– ‘Feels’ its prey up to 100 m away
– Perceives electrical activity of its prey 50 cm away
– Tastes its prey before ingesting it, using taste receptors on surface of the face
– Only ever sees a blurry image at near range
Every animal constructs a view of the world through its brain and senses (for their particular
way of life)
Can we trust our senses?
Do our senses show us anything?
,The brain is a prediction machine. It is playing movies in our head of what we think is out
there.
Are we our brain?
- It largely constructs the Image we have of the outside world
- Our brain gets only a limited view of reality outside us
- Our brain creates predictions, expectations and interpretations
Does that mean we are ‘just’ our brain?
Our nervous system is interconnected with our body (not separate)
... the brain is embedded in our body...
And... we have many more senses:
• Sight
• Taste
• Touch
• Smell
• Hearing
• Pressure
• Itch
• Thermoception
• Proprioception
• Tension sensors
• Nociception
• Equilibrioception
• Stretch Receptors
• Chemoreceptors
• Thirst
• Hunger
• Magnetoception
• Time
• ...
,Perception
Neural mechanisms of the sensory systems:
• Receptor neurons
• The anatomical pathways
• Representation in the brain
Movement
How does brain react to the world?
• Lower motor neurons initiating muscle contractions
• Upper motor neurons planning and initiating movement
• Filtering and modulating loops (basal ganglia and cerebellum)
Cognition and emotion
What happens in between sensing and reacting?
• Attention
• Cognition
• Memory
• Emotion
Levels of organization
, How does the brain work?
- The human brain is built of neurons (densely packed)
- The human cortex:
• >86 billion neurons (more than stars in the universe)
• 1000-10.000 synapses per neuron
• 10 14- 10 15 synapses
Communication between neurons: synaptic transmission
What happens is when an action potential arrives in the axon it polarizes the membrane. Due
to this depolarization voltage-gated calcium channels will be activated, once activated they
open and calcium comes into the cell. This calcium can trigger neurotransmitter release by
the fusion of the vesicle with the membrane. The neurotransmitter will bind to its receptor
on the postsynaptic neuron and activate different cascades of reactions depending on the
kind of receptor and neurotransmitter.
Pyramidal cells have this name because of their shape, they have a lot of dendrites with
many spines, which are specialized protrusions that are able to receive information from
axon boutons. Axon boutons come from different cells and release neurotransmitters onto
postsynaptic receptors. Moreover, this cell has elaborate axons.
In the cell body with patch clamp cell recording, we can measure depolarization and
hyperpolarization.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lvd26. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $6.96. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now