NURS 405 Quiz Week 1 Review (A+ Guaranteed)
Pediatric respiratory system correct answers -Larger head
-Obligate nose breathers
-Smaller nares
-Larger tongue
-More flexible airway
-Narrow airway
Pediatric respiratory assessment correct answers Inspection: -Respiratory effort
-Respiratory rate
-Use of accessory muscles/retractions
-Nasal flaring
-Head bobbing
-Color
Subcostal retractions correct answers Pulling in of the abdomen just below the rib cage (belly breathing)
Intercostal retractions correct answers Pulling in of the skin in between each rib
Suprasternal retractions correct answers Pulling in of the skin in the middle of the neck above the
sternum
Auscultation correct answers Grunting - low pitched short sound
Rales - small clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds in the lungs
Rhonchi - sounds that resemble snoring. Occurs when air is blocked
Stridor - wheezing sound heard when a person breathes
Wheezing - high pitched sound produced by narrowed airways. Most often heard when a person exhales
Oxygen - SpO2 correct answers -94-98% in patients w/o cyanotic congenital heart disease or chronic lung disease
-Greater than 70% in patients who have had cardiac surgery of their congenital cyanotic heart disease
-Greater than 60% in unrepaired congenital heart disease of
-91-95% for premature and term neonates
-Greater than or = to % for infants with bronchiolitis
Goals of oxygen therapy correct answers -Maintain adequate oxygenation of tissues and vital organs (assessed by SpO2 monitoring) -Prevent excessive CO2 accumulation
-Reduce the work of breathing
-Ensure adequate clearance of secretions Indications for oxygen correct answers -Hypoxia
-Respiratory distress
-Achieving targeted percentage of oxygen therapy
Methods of O2 delivery correct answers Low-flow systems:
-Blowby oxygen
-Nasal cannula: 1 L in neonates, 2 L in infants under two years old, 4 L in children older than two years old
-Simple face mask
-Non-rebreather face mask (mask with O2 reservoir bag and one-way valves)
-Tracheostomy mask
High flow O2 systems correct answers -Ventilators
-CPAP
-BiPAP
-High flow nasal cannula
Cystic fibrosis correct answers -Impaired mucus hydration and clearance
-Mutations in CFTR: responsible for transporting chloride and bicarbonate
Characteristics: -Chronic pulmonary infection and inflamm.
-Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency
-Infertility
-Comorbidities S/S:
-salty tasting skin
-persistent coughing
-frequent lung infections
-wheezing or SOB
-poor growth or weight gain
-frequent greasy, bulky stools
-chronic sinus infections
-clubbing or enlargement of the fingertips
-vitamin A,D,E,K deficiency
Interventions:
-assessment of immunization status
-emotional support
-encourage exercise as tolerated
-using incentive spirometry
-encourage high fat/high calorie foods
-management of meds
-thorough physical assessment
-assessing height and weight
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