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FLETC Written Exam #1 Solution Rated A+

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FLETC Written Exam #1 Solution Rated A+ Graham v. Connor (1989) Recognized that the right to make an arrest or investigatory stop necessarily carries with it the right to use some degree of physical coercion/threat to affect it. In the course of an arrest or stop is properly analyzed by ...

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  • February 16, 2024
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FLETC Written Exam #1 Solution Rated A+
Graham v. Connor (1989) Recognized that the right to make an arrest or investigatory stop
necessarily carries with it the right to use some degree of physical coercion/threat to affect it.



In the course of an arrest or stop is properly analyzed by Fourth Amendment's 'objective
reasonableness' standard



Graham Factors Severity of crime

Whether suspect poses an immediate threat

Whether suspect is actively resisting arrest

Attempting to evade arrest by flight



Additional factors considered when applying standard of Graham v. Connor that may govern the
reasonableness of using force # of suspects/# of officers

Size, age, condition of officer/suspect

Duration of action

Whether force applied resulted in injury

Previous violent history known to officer at time

Use of alcohol/drugs

Suspect's mental history known to officer at time

Presence of innocent bystanders

Availability of officer weapons



Range of Reasonableness Officer responses range from:



Hesitation---------------Aggressive



Tennessee v. Garner (1985) Supreme Court stated it is not reasonable to shoot an unarmed non-
dangerous fleeing suspect.



Key Elements of Tennessee v. Garner Probable cause

Threat

,Officer not obligated to wait until death or serious bodily harm is occurring

If based on totality of circumstance and the officer perceives a threat of such action, a reasonable
force option may be used



Pre-Assault Indicators Verbal aggression

Change in posture

Face becomes red, showing teeth, breathing faster

Individual ignores you or stares through you

Aggression

Hands tighten

Individual becomes rigid

Chin tucked



Common Restrictions in Agency Use of Force Policy Use of warning shots

Use of maximum force

Moving vehicles

Exhausting lesser means of force first



Physiological Changes triggered when faced with a threat Pounding heart

Muscle tension

Rapid, shallow breathing

Nausea

Dizziness

Dry mouth

Diminished sound

Tunnel vision

Slow motion time

Memory loss

Memory distortion



Tunnel Vision Loss of peripheral vision

, Heightened Visual Clarity Clear picture of details you ordinarily might not notice/remember



Hearing Distortions Total loss of hearing, to muffled or distant



Time Distortion Things seem to speed up or slow down



Cognitive/Behavioral Changes triggered when faced with a threat Automatic Behavior

Memory Gaps

Intrusive Thoughts



Methods of overcoming hesitation in use of force Mental preparation

Proper Training

Belief in mission

Personal Appearance

Physical Fitness

Understanding the law

Reality Based Training

Continuous Positive Visualization

Understanding of agency policy

Commitment to family/friends

Will to win



Fundamentals of Documenting Use of Force Incident Officer Safety

Objective, not subjective

Training and Experience

Matched Description

Basis for Seizure



Terry Stop Reasonable suspicion sufficient for investigation stop or detention; no warrant needed

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