TEST BANK For Radiologic Science for Technologists
12th Edition by Stewart C Bushong
Chapters 1 - 40, Complete
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Essential Concepts of Radiologic Science
2. Basic Physics Primer
3. The Structure of Matter
4. Electromagnetic Energy
5. Electricity, Magnetism, and Electromagnetism
6. The X-Ray Imaging System
7. The X-Ray Tube
8. X-Ray Production
9. X-Ray Emission
10. X-Ray Interaction with Matter
11. Imaging Science
12. Computed Radiography
13. Digital Radiography
14. Digital Radiographic Technique
15. Image Acquisition
16. Patient-Image Optimization
17. Viewing the Medical Image
18. Picture Archiving and Communication System
19. Image Perception
20. Digital Display Device
21. Medical Image Descriptors
22. Scatter Radiation
23. Radiographic Artifacts
24. Mammography
25. Fluoroscopy
26. Interventional Radiology
27. Computed Tomography
28. Tomosynthesis
29. Human Biology
30. Fundamental Principles of Radiobiology
31. Molecular Radiobiology
32. Cellular Radiobiology
33. Deterministic Effects of Radiation
34. Stochastic Effects of Radiation
35. Health Physics
36. Designing for Radiation Protection
37. Radiography/Fluoroscopy Patient Radiation Dose
38. Computed Tomography Patient Radiation Dose
39. Patient Radiation Dose Management
40. Occupational Radiation Dose Management
,Chapter 01: Essential Concepts of Radiologic Science
Bushong: Radiologic Science for Technologists, 12th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Matter is measured in .
a. kilograms
b. joules
c. electron volts
d. rems
ANS A
WER
Matter is measured in kilograms.
:
2. Atoms and molecules are the fundamental building blocks of .
a. energy
b. radiation
c. matter
d. gravity
ANS C
WER
Atoms and molecules are the fundamental building blocks of matter.
:
3. Ice and steam are examples of two forms of .
a. matter
b. radiation
c. energy
d. work
ANS: A
Ice and steam are examples of two forms of matter.
4. The formula E = mc2 is the basis for the theory that led to the development of .
a. x-rays
b. electromagnetic radiation
c. nuclear power
d. cathode ray tubes
ANS: C
The formula E = mc2 is the basis for the theory that led to the development of nuclear power.
5. Radio waves, light, and x-rays are all examples of energy.
a. nuclear
b. thermal
c. electrical
d. electromagnetic
ANS: D
Electromagnetic energy includes radio waves, light, and x-rays as well as other parts of the
spectrum.
, 6. A moving object has energy.
a. potential
b. kinetic
c. nuclear
d. electromagnetic
ANS: B
A moving object has kinetic energy.
7. What is the removal of an electron from an atom called?
a. Ionization
b. Pair production
c. Irradiation
d. Electricity
ANS: A
The removal of an electron from an atom is called ionization.
8. Ionizing radiation is capable of removing from atoms as it passes through the
matter.
a. neutrons
b. protons
c. electrons
d. ions
ANS: C
Ionizing radiation is capable of removing electrons from atoms as it passes through the matter.
9. The energy of x-rays is _ .
a. thermal
b. potential
c. kinetic
d. electromagnetic
ANS: D
X-rays are a form of electromagnetic energy.
10. The biggest source of man-made ionizing radiation exposure to the public is
.
a. atomic fallout
b. diagnostic x-rays
c. smoke detectors
d. nuclear power plants
ANS: B
Medical x-ray exposure is the biggest source of man-made radiation.
11. In the United States, we are exposed to _ mSv/year of ionizing radiation from the
natural environment.
a. 0 to 5
b. 5 to 20
c. 20 to 90
, d. 100 to 300
ANS: A
We are exposed to about 3 mSv/yr of ionizing radiation from natural environmental sources in
the United States.
12. Today, radiology is considered to be a(n) occupation.
a. safe
b. unsafe
c. dangerous
d. high-risk
ANS: A
Today, radiology is considered to be a safe occupation because of effective radiation
protection practices.
13. is a special quantity of radiologic science.
a. Mass
b. Velocity
c. Radioactivity
d. Momentum
ANS: C
Radioactivity is a special quantity of radiologic science.
14. What does ALARA mean?
a. All Level Alert Radiation Accident
b. As Low As Reasonably Achievable
c. Always Leave A Restricted Area
d. As Low As Regulations Allow
ANS: B
ALARA means As Low As Reasonably Achievable.
15. Computed tomography was developed in the .
a. 1890s
b. 1920s
c. 1970s
d. 1990s
ANS: C
Computed tomography was developed in the 1970s.
16. Filtration is used to .
a. absorb low-energy x-rays
b. remove high-energy x-rays
c. restrict the useful beam to the body part imaged
d. fabricate gonadal shields
ANS: A
Filtration is used to absorb low-energy x-rays.
,TRUE/FALSE
1. Mass is the quantity of matter as described by its energy equivalence.
ANS: T
Mass is the quantity of matter as described by its energy equivalence.
2. Radiation is the removal of an electron from an atom.
ANS: F
Ionization is the removal of an electron from an atom.
3. Radiology emerged as a medical specialty because of the Snook transformer and the Crookes
x-ray tube.
ANS: F
Radiology emerged as a medical specialty because of the Snook transformer and the Coolidge
x-ray tube.
Chapter 02: Basic Physics Primer
Bushong: Radiologic Science for Technologists, 12th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The basic quantities measured in mechanics are _ , , and .
a. volume; length; meters
b. mass; length; time
c. radioactivity; dose; exposure
d. meters; kilos; seconds
ANS: B
The basic quantities measured in mechanics are mass, length, and time.
2. An example of a derived quantity in mechanical physics is a .
a. meter
b. second
c. dose
d. volume
ANS: D
Volume is a derived unit.
3. Exposure is measured in units of .
a. becquerel
b. sieverts
c. meters
d. grays
ANS: D
, Exposure is measured in units of grays.
4. What is the decimal equivalent of the proper fraction 4/1000?
a. 0004
b. 004
c. 04
d. 4
ANS: B
The decimal equivalent of the proper fraction 4/1000 is .004.
5. What is the decimal equivalent of the improper fraction 289/74?
a. 390
b. 3.90
c. 39.0
d. 390.0
ANS: B
The decimal equivalent of the improper fraction 289/74 is 3.90.
6. The first step to expressing a number in scientific notation is to .
a. round up to the nearest 1000
b. round down to the nearest 1000
c. write the number in decimal form
d. write the number as a fraction
ANS: C
The first step to expressing a number in scientific notation is to write the number in decimal
form.
7. What is 6080 in exponential form?
a. 6080.0 104
b. 608.0 104
c. 6.080 103
d. 6080 103
ANS: C
The number 6080 in exponential form is 6.080 103
8. Graphs are typically based on two axes; a and a .
a. y-axis; z-axis
b. oblique; horizontal
c. x-axis; y-axis
d. vertical; oblique
ANS: C
Most graphs are based on two axes: a horizontal or x-axis and a vertical or y-axis.
9. In radiologic science, all of the following are special quantities, except:
a. exposure.
b. distance.
c. dose.
, d. effective dose.
ANS: B
In radiologic science, special quantities are those of exposure, dose, effective dose, and
radioactivity.
10. The SI unit of velocity is .
a. meters per second
b. miles per hour
c. meters per millisecond
d. kilometers per second
ANS: C
Units of velocity in SI are meters per second (m/s).
11. Mass density should be reported in which units?
a. Coulomb/kilogram
b. Newtons per square meter
c. Kilograms per cubic meter
d. Kilograms per square meter
ANS: C
Mass density should be reported with units of kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3).
12. An object at rest will if no outside forces are applied.
a. stay at rest
b. decrease mass
c. increase velocity
d. decrease velocity
ANS: A
An object at rest will stay at rest if no outside forces are applied.
13. Which of the following explains the difference between speed and velocity?
a. One has motion, and the other does not.
b. One involves acceleration, and the other does not.
c. One involves time, and the other does not.
d. One has direction, and the other does not.
ANS: B
Velocity includes acceleration and speed does not. Speed is the rate at which an object covers
distance.
14. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, this describes which Newton’s law?
a. Newton’s first law of motion
b. Newton’s second law of motion
c. Newton’s third law of motion
d. Newton’s law of inertia
ANS: C
Newton's third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite
reaction.
,15. Work is the product of and distance.
a. force
b. gravity
c. acceleration
d. motion
ANS: A
Work is the product of force and distance.
16. The transfer of heat by the emission of infrared radiation is .
a. electric radiation
b. magnetic energy
c. mechanical energy
d. thermal radiation
ANS: D
Thermal radiation is the transfer of heat by the emission of infrared radiation.
17. What heat transfer takes place when you burn your finger by touching a hot iron?
a. Conduction
b. Convection
c. Radiation
d. Electromagnetic
ANS: A
Conduction is the transfer of heat through a material or by touching.
18. What heat transfer takes place when water is boiled?
a. Conduction
b. Convection
c. Radiation
d. Electromagnetic
ANS: B
Convection is the mechanical transfer of ―hot‖ molecules in a gas or liquid from one place to
another.
19. What are the two cryogens used in Magnetic resonance imaging with a superconducting
magnet?
a. Gaseous helium and gaseous nitrogen
b. Liquid helium and gaseous nitrogen
c. Gaseous helium and liquid helium
d. Liquid helium and liquid nitrogen
ANS: D
Liquid nitrogen and liquid helium are the two cryogens that are used in magnetic resonance
imaging with a superconducting magnet.
20. When you stretch a rubber band, you are storing _ energy.
a. kinetic
b. potential
c. thermal
, d. radiant
ANS: B
Potential energy is the stored energy of position or configuration.
Chapter 03: The Structure of Matter
Bushong: Radiologic Science for Technologists, 12th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The term ―atom‖ was first used by the .
a. Ethiopians
b. British
c. Greeks
d. Romans
ANS: C
The term ―atom‖ was first used by the Greeks.
2. The first person to describe an element as being composed of identical atoms was
.
a. J. J. Thomson
b. John Dalton
c. Dmitri Mendeleev
d. Niels Bohr
ANS: B
The first person to describe an element as being composed of identical atoms was John
Dalton.
3. The smallest particle that has all the properties of an element is a(n) .
a. neutron
b. proton
c. electron
d. atom
ANS: D
The smallest particle that has all the properties of an element is an atom.
4. The periodic table of the elements was developed by in the late 19th century.
a. Bohr
b. Rutherford
c. Mendeleev
d. Roentgen
ANS: C
The Periodic Table was developed by Mendeleev.
5. Rutherford’s experiments in 1911 showed that the atom was composed of
.
a. electrons with well-defined orbits
b. a nucleus with an electron cloud
