Exam (elaborations) NCLEX Saunders Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN® Examination - E-Book
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Saunders Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN® Examination - E-Book
This document contains review questions with complete rationales, test taking strategies, and references to get you ready for the NCLEX exam. Answers and Rationale are provided at the last page of each topic so you can first test your knowledge.
1. The clinic nurse is preparing to explain the co...
Class notes NCM 116 Saunders Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN® Examination - E-Book
Saunders NCLEX Postpartum Questions_ Answered all correctly_ Rationales > Fall 2022/23.
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Saunders Comprehensive NCLEX Examination
Growth and Development Across the Lifespan Practice Questions
Note: Answers and Rationale are provided at the last page of each topic so you can first test
your knowledge
1. The clinic nurse is preparing to explain the concepts of Kohlberg’s theory of moral
development with a parent. The nurse would plan to tell the parent that which factor motivates
good and bad actions for the child at the preconventional level?
A. Peer pressure
B. Social pressure
C. Parents’ behavior
D. Punishment and reward
2. The nurse is preparing to provide instructions to new parents regarding the psychosocial
development of the newborn infant. Using Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, the nurse
would instruct the parents to take which measure?
A. Allow the newborn infant to signal a need.
B. Anticipate all needs of the newborn infant.
C. Attend to the newborn infant immediately when crying.
D. Avoid the newborn infant during the first 10 minutes of crying.
3. The nurse notes that a 6-year-old child does not recognize that objects exist when the objects
are outside of the visual eld. Based on this observation, which action would the nurse take?
A. Report the observation to the pediatrician.
B. Move the objects in the child’s direct eld of vision.
C. Teach the child how to visually scan the environment.
D. Provide additional lighting for the child during play activities.
4. A nursing student is preparing to present a clinical conference to peers regarding Freud’s
psychosexual stages of development, specifically the anal stage. The student would plan to
explain to the group which characteristic relates to the anal stage?
A. This stage is associated with toilet training.
B. This stage is characterized by oral gratification.
C. This stage is characterized by repression of sexuality.
D. This stage is associated with identification with the same-sex parent.
5. The nurse is preparing to describe Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory to pediatric
nursing staff. The nurse would plan to tell the staff that which child behavior is characteristic of
the formal operations stage?
A. The child’s basic abilities to think abstractly and problem-solve are similar to an adult’s.
B. The child learns to think in a concrete fashion and expects others to view the world in the
same way.
, C. The child begins to understand the environment and conceptualize objects that are no
longer visible.
D. The child is able to classify, order, and sort facts and is able to see a variety of solutions
to a problem.
6. The parent of an 8-year-old child tells the clinic nurse of a concern that the child seems to be
more attentive to friends than anything else. Using Erikson’s psychosocial development theory,
the nurse would plan to make which response?
A. “You need to be concerned.”
B. “You need to monitor the child’s behavior closely.”
C. “At this age, children are developing their own personalities.”
D. “You need to provide more praise to the child to stop this behavior.”
7. The nurse educator is preparing to conduct a teaching session about school-age children
regarding the theories of growth and development and plans to discuss Kohlberg’s theory of
moral development. What information would the nurse include in the session? Select all that
apply.
A. Individuals move through all six stages in a sequential fashion.
B. Moral development progresses in relationship to cognitive development.
C. A person’s ability to make moral judgments develops over a period of time.
D. The theory provides a framework for understanding how individuals determine a moral
code to guide their behavior.
E. In stage 1 (punishment-obedience orientation), children are expected to reason as
mature members of society.
F. In stage 2 (instrumental-relativist orientation), the child conforms to rules to obtain
rewards or have favors returned.
, Answers and Rationale
1. Answer: 4
Rationale: In the preconventional stage, morals are thought to be motivated by punishment and
reward. If the child is obedient and is not punished, then the child is being moral. The child sees
actions as good or bad. If the child’s actions are good, the child is praised. If the child’s actions
are bad, the child is punished. Options 1, 2, and 3 are not associated factors for this stage of
moral development.
Test-Taking Strategy: Eliminate options 1 and 2; they are comparable or alike because peer
pressure is the same as social pressure. Focus on the subject, the factor that motivates good
and bad actions, to select from the remaining options.
References: Hockenberry, M., Wilson, D., & Rodgers, C. (2019). Wong’s nursing care of infants
and children. (11th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier. p. 465; Varcarolis, E., & Fosbre, C. (2021).
Essentials of psychiatric mental health nursing: A communication approach to evidence-based
care. (4th ed.). St. Louis: Saunders. p. 26.
2. Answer: 1
Rationale: According to Erikson, the caregiver should not try to anticipate the newborn infant’s
needs at all times but needs to allow the newborn infant to signal needs. If a newborn infant is
not allowed to signal a need, the newborn will not learn how to control the environment. Erikson
believed that a delayed or prolonged response to a newborn infant’s signal would inhibit the
development of trust and lead to mistrust of others.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, psychosocial development of the newborn infant.
Eliminate options 2 and 4 because of the closed-ended words all and avoid these options. Use
knowledge about Erikson’s theory to select correctly from the remaining options.
References: Hockenberry, M., Wilson, D., & Rodgers, C. (2019). Wong’s nursing care of infants
and children. (11th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier. p. 344; Varcarolis, E., & Fosbre, C. (2021).
Essentials of psychiatric mental health nursing: A communication approach to evidence-based
care. (4th ed.). St. Louis: Saunders. pp. 20-21.
3. Answer: 1
Rationale: According to Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, it is normal for the infant
or toddler not to recognize that objects continue to be in existence if out of the visual field;
however, this is abnormal for the 6-year-old. If a 6-year-old child does not recognize that objects
still exist even when outside the visual field, the child is not progressing normally through the
developmental stages. The nurse would report this finding to the pediatrician so that both
medical and psychosocial follow-up can be initiated. Options 2, 3, and 4 delay necessary
follow-up and treatment.
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