Bio 210 Exam 1 Study Guide Graded A+

What 3 functions of RNA mediate the "coordinate cellular activity" function of DNA - Answer-1. Transfer information from DNA to Protein Synthesis Machinery (ribosome) 2. Transfer amino acids to Protein Synthesis Machinery 3. Form peptide bonds- ribosomal RNA Name the 5 biological themes that will be encountered in this course - Answer-1. Mechanistic doctrine 2. Cell Theory 3. Central Dogma of Biology 4. Gene theory of inheritance 5. Cellular Evolution What is it about the mechanistic doctrine that makes biology the most inter-disciplinary scientific discipline - Answer-It draws from all other sciences and cells can be studied by chemical and physical methods What are the three statements of the cell theory - Answer-1. All organisms are composed of cells 2. All cells come from pre-existing cells 3. Chemical reactions responsible for life take place within cells If the latest Mars rover, Curiosity, found a mummified organism and demonstrated it was composed of cells, would that increase the generality of the cell theory - Answer-No, because it would confirm that all organisms are composed of cells In Crick's Central Dogma information can flow back and forth between two macromolecules but only one way between the second and third. Name the information flow that is uni-directional - AnswerRNA-> Protein Mendel proposed pairs of inherited factors that we now call genes. What is a current definition of a gene - Answer-Organismal characteristics determined by discrete segments of DNA How many copies of each gene does a sexually reproducing organism generally have - Answer-2In this course we will study cells, organelles, macromolecules, monomeric components of macromolecules, and atoms. Can studying organelles help us understand better how cells work or how macromolecules work - Answer-It can help us better understand how cells work What is the chemical definition of an element - Answer-A substance that can't be broken down into another substance by chemical reactions Which four elements account for 96% of living matter - Answer-1. Carbon 2. Oxygen 3. Hydrogen 4. Nitrogen What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element - Answer-An atom What does an atom lose to become positively charged - Answer-An electron What does an atom gain to become negatively charged - Answer-An electron