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(COMBINED) Pharmacology WEEK 1, Pharm Week 7 Quiz 4 *Cardiac*, Quiz wk 13, Pharm Exam 5 Antimicrobial Drugs Review, Wk 11 Quiz Pharmacology Review, Wk 10 Pharm (Endocrine Drugs), Wk 9 Pharm (Gastrointestinal Drugs), Wk 10 Pharm (Endocrine Drugs), Wk 9 Pha $16.49   Add to cart

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(COMBINED) Pharmacology WEEK 1, Pharm Week 7 Quiz 4 *Cardiac*, Quiz wk 13, Pharm Exam 5 Antimicrobial Drugs Review, Wk 11 Quiz Pharmacology Review, Wk 10 Pharm (Endocrine Drugs), Wk 9 Pharm (Gastrointestinal Drugs), Wk 10 Pharm (Endocrine Drugs), Wk 9 Pha

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(COMBINED) Pharmacology WEEK 1, Pharm Week 7 Quiz 4 *Cardiac*, Quiz wk 13, Pharm Exam 5 Antimicrobial Drugs Review, Wk 11 Quiz Pharmacology Review, Wk 10 Pharm (Endocrine Drugs), Wk 9 Pharm (Gastrointestinal Drugs), Wk 10 Pharm (Endocrine Drugs), Wk 9 Pharm. 2024/2025. Autonomy self-government ...

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  • February 22, 2024
  • 179
  • 2023/2024
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(COMBINED) Pharmacology WEEK 1,
Pharm Week 7 Quiz 4 *Cardiac*, Quiz wk
13, Pharm Exam 5 Antimicrobial Drugs
Review, Wk 11 Quiz Pharmacology
Review, Wk 10 Pharm (Endocrine
Drugs), Wk 9 Pharm (Gastrointestinal
Drugs), Wk 10 Pharm (Endocrine Drugs),
Wk 9 Pharm. 2024/2025.
Autonomy

self-government

Beneficence

Doing good or causing good to be done; kindly action

Brainpower

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Justice

Respecting the rights of others and giving them what is rightfully theirs

,Pharmacokinetics

what the body does to the drug

Pharmacodynamics

what the drug does to the body

Drug absorption

movement of drug from site of administration into the blood

Disintegration

the breakdown of a tablet into smaller particles

Dissolution

Combining small drug particles with liquid to form a solution

first pass metabolism

Phenomenon in which the liver metabolizes some of a drug before it can circulate through the body,
particularly when the drug has been taken orally.

Bioavailability

the extent to which the body can absorb and use a nutrient

Factors that affect bioavailability

-drug form
-route of admin
-GI mucosa and motility
-food and other drugs
-changes in liver metabolism

Drug metabolism (biotransformation)

-The metabolism of the drug by altering its chemical structure
-Most drugs are metabolized by the LIVER

Cytochrome P450 system (P450 system)

◦Drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver
◦Convert drugs to metabolites

Prodrug

A drug that is inactive in its given form and must be metabolized to its active form in the body, generally
by the liver, to be effective.

Drug half-life

the time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%

,Steady state

◦Occurs at approximately 4 half-lives

Loading Dose

use of a higher dose than what is usually used for treatment to allow the drug to reach the critical
concentration sooner

Maximal efficacy

the largest effect that a drug can produce

Receptor theory

most drugs produce their actions by activating or inhibiting specific cellular receptors

Therapeutic Index

the ratio between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug

Agonists

Activate receptors and produce desired response

Partial Agonists

drugs that interact with a receptor to stimulate a response but inhibit other responses

Antagonists (drugs)

These drugs block the actions of neurotransmitters

Nonspecific or nonselective drugs

◦Affect multiple receptor sites

Cinnamon

◦Used to treat bronchitis, GI problems, anorexia, diabetes
◦May decrease blood clotting

Echinacea

◦Stimulates immune system (treat colds, flu, infections)
◦Side effects-GI effects, allergic reactions

Garlic

◦Used to lower cholesterol, blood pressure and reduce heart disease, preventing stomach and colon
cancer
◦Side effects-heartburn, upset stomach, body odor, decreased blood clotting

Ginger

, ◦Used for nausea, motion sickness, diarrhea, relieves pain, swelling, arthritic stiffness
◦Safe in pregnancy
◦Side effects-gas, bloating, heartburn, nausea

Ginkgo biloba

◦Used for asthma, bronchitis, fatigue, tinnitus, sexual dysfunction, multiple sclerosis, to improve
memory, decrease intermittent claudication
◦Side effects-headache, dizziness, nausea, GI upset, increased bleeding, allergic reactions.

Ginseng

◦Improves well-being, stamina, and immune system, erectile dysfunction, hepatitis C, menopausal
symptoms, lowers glucose and blood pressure
◦Side effects-headaches, GI distress, hypertension, hypoglycemia, breast tenderness, menstrual
irregularities, allergic reactions.

Green tea

◦Improves mental alertness, relieves headache, protects against heart disease and cancer, promotes
weight loss
◦Contains caffeine
◦Adverse effects-liver dysfunction

Licorice root

◦Used for bronchitis, sore throat, stomach ulcers, viral hepatitis.
◦High doses can lead to salt and water retention, hypertension, low potassium level

Kava kava

◦Used for relaxation and anxiety
◦Adverse effects include liver damage; dry, scaly, yellowing skin; eye irritation, heart problems

Milk thistle

◦Used for hypercholesterolemia, insulin resistance, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, gallbladder disorders
◦Side effects include upset stomach, hypoglycemia, allergic reactions

St. John's wort

◦Used for mental disorders, nerve pain, sleep disorders, malaria, wounds

◦Drug interactions-antidepressants (serotonin syndrome), birth control pills, cyclosporine, digoxin,
indinavir, irinotecan, drugs for seizure control, and anticoagulants

◦Side effects include anxiety, dry mouth, dizziness, headache, fatigue, sensitivity to sunlight, GI problems,
sexual dysfunction

Turmeric

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