ILLINOIS GENERAL STANDARDS PESTICIDE EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM NE WEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 290 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ IPM - ANSWER >>>Integrated Pest Management; Goals are provide economical pest control/protect the environment Not The Goal Of IPM - ANSWER >>>Elimination of all pests Economic threshold/action threshold - ANSWER >>>Number of pests per plant of amount of damage to plant at which control measures should begin economic injury level - ANSWER >>>breakeven point which the cost of pest control equals the revenue loss caused by pest aesthetic injury level - ANSWER >>>number of pests that might cause enough damage to the appearance of a plant to warrant the cost of control scouting - ANSWER >>>key to a successful IPM program cultural control - ANSWER >>> improves plant health so that plants are able to compete better against pests; soil preparation, fertility, proper planting, plant selection, crop rotation mechanical control - ANSWER >>>physically eliminates the weed; hoeing, weed pulling, mowing, hand p icking biological control - ANSWER >>>uses living organisms to reduce pest populations; predators, parasites, pest disease preventative control - ANSWER >>>helps prevent entry and spread of pests; quarantines inspections, certified seed, cleaning equipme nt chemical control - ANSWER >>>herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, repellents, fumigants insect head - ANSWER >>>contains sensory organs, mouth parts and brain insect thorax - ANSWER >>>provides locomotion, legs and wings insect abdomen - ANSWER >>> digestive, excretory, circulatory, respiratory, and reproductive organs prolegs - ANSWER >>>additional legs; caterpillars/sawfly larvae incomplete development/simple metamorphosis - ANSWER >>>egg, nymph, adult; stink bug, grasshopper, leafhopper complet e development - ANSWER >>>egg, larva, pupa, adult; Japanese beetle, honey bee, mosquito noninfectious diseases - ANSWER >>>result of unfavorable growing conditions; cannot be transmitted from plant to plant infection diseases - ANSWER >>>caused by variou s pathogens; multiply and transmitted from plant to plant fungi - ANSWER >>>spores spread by rain, wind, insects, seeds; leaf spots/root rots bacteria - ANSWER >>> microscopic single celled organisms. Cannot move by themselves; only enter through wounds or small openings; crown gall, soft rot nematodes - ANSWER >>>microscopic roundworms that reproduce by eggs; spread by anything that moves infected plants parts or infested soil viruses - ANSWER >>>submicroscopic pieces of DNA/RNA; spread by insects/seed; mosaic/mottles phytoplasmas - ANSWER >>>bacteria -like organisms that lack cell walls; casual agents of "yellows" and "witches" Blight - ANSWER >>>large dead ares on leaves canker - ANSWER >>>localized, often sunken, dead area chlorosis - ANSWER >>>yellowish -green coloration in normally green areas dieback - ANSWER >>>gradual death of individual branch or groups distoration - ANSWER >>>twisting/abnormally shaped leaves gall - ANSWER >>>abnormal swelling of portion of branch lead spots - ANSWER >>>small discolored areas of foliage marginal necrosis - ANSWER >>>brown, dead tissue mosaic - ANSWER >>>intermingling patches of yellow and green tissue rot - ANSWER >>>tissue breakdown or decay scorch - ANSWER >>>"burning" of leaf margins stunting - ANSWER >>>abnormally small size of entire plant wilt - ANSWER >>>flaccid, limp condition of leaves