(ANSWERED) FISDAP AIRWAY EXAM, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024

Significance of stomach distension, and rapidly decreased ETCO2 after successful intubation - CORRECT ANSWER-Tube was placed into esophagus Method to RAPIDLY confirm that a stoma is clear (direct laryngoscopy, suction, removing inner cannula) * - CORRECT ANSWER-remove inner catheter to see that its clear Methods to clear tracheostomy tubes - CORRECT ANSWER-3 ml of saline and suction. "Maximum allowable time" for intubation attempts. - CORRECT ANSWER-30 seconds with oxygenation between attempts Indications and contraindications for nasotracheal intubation - CORRECT ANSWER-Indications: Breathing spontaneously but require definitive airway management. Responsive patients and patients with an altered mental status and an intact gag reflex who are in respiratory failure. Contraindications: patients that should receive orotracheal intubation, head trauma, and possible midface fractures. Differential diagnosis for emphysema, pneumonia, pleural effusion and CHF - CORRECT ANSWER--Emphysema (Pink Puffer "Polycythemia", Barrel chested) is a loss of elasticity of the alveoli of the lungs. This causes extra dead space and these patients breathe off of a hypoxic drive due to the retained CO2 in the lungs and respiratory system. -Pneumonia is going to incorporate a FEVER. Most commonly it is only a one sided issue. Productive cough. Ask about secretion color. - Pleural effusion is air or fluid in the chest cavity "air or fluid constricts lung, making it harder to breathe" (Visceral Pleura, Parietal Pleura Space). Sharp pain made worse by deep breath. -CHF is going to have pedal edema and cough up pink frothy sputum. Exacerbated by lying flat (Orthopnea). Known by history and medications taken. left sided heart failure precedes right side heart failure. Pump problem not a pipe problem. Treatment of asthma patients depending on how they present (wheezes or not, mannerism of speaking, distress etc) - CORRECT ANSWER-Patients who are hypersensitive- remove them from irritant Asthma patient who is dehydrated- needs hydrated Asthma patients who are wheezing- Nebulizer treatment, also consider corticosteroid and CPAP Blue Bloater (Chronic Bronchitis) - CORRECT ANSWER-Chronic Bronchitis: airway flow problem, recurrent productive cough, hypoxia, respiratory acidosis, dyspnea on exertion, high hemoglobin, 'blue bloater' increase respiratory rate, dyspnea on exertion, digital clubbing, fat finger tips, cardiac enlargement, bilateral lower extremity enlargement pink puffer - CORRECT ANSWER-Emphysema: Pursed lip breathing, barrel chested, high RR (to compensate for poor functioning lungs), high HR, 'pink puffers', pink skin caused by polycythemia which is overproduction of red blood cells Escalation of airway management in a burn patient. - CORRECT ANSWER-Be prepared to intubate. Basic airway management, nebulizer treatment. Be ready to intubate. NTG=(Nitro) - CORRECT ANSWER-vasodilator that works throughout the entire body. Decreased the work of the heart. Gives somewhere for the fluid to go. Give SL 0.4 mg q 3-5 min. Given also as 1" nitropaste Drip dose. Nitro Drip 10 mcg/min. Lasix(furosemide) - CORRECT ANSWER-40-100 mg IV/IO. (0.5-1 mg/kg). Indications=Pulmonary Edema/CHF. Double dose of prescribed dose. DO NOT GIVE IF PATIENT IS HYPOTENSIVE OR HYPOVOLEMIC. Works in the Loop of Henle in the kidneys. Moves Sodium, and also causes shift in potassium. Albuterol - CORRECT ANSWER-2.5 mg nebulized. Works on B2 receptors. Bronchodilator. Contraindications=CHF. Use caution with tachydysrhythmias. Dexamethasone - CORRECT ANSWER-Dexamethasone=Corticosteroid. 10-100 mg IV Push 1 mg/kg IV bolus. Pedi 0.25-1 mg/kg IV.IO. IM. You can have the pt drink the medication if no IV. Contraindication-Systemic Sepsis. Epinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER-Epinephrine= 0.3-0.5 mg of 1:1,000 IM ONLY!!! NO IV. No selective agent Alpha and Beta Sympathomimetic, Vasopressor, Bronchodilator. Contraindications=Hypersensitive, hypovolemic shock, hypertension, Narrow Angle Glaucoma.Epinephrine= Ipatroprium Bromide=(Atrovent). - CORRECT ANSWER-0.5 mg Nebulized. Anticholinergic. Acts by inhibiting the interactions of ACH at the receptors (Beta-2) resulting in smooth muscle relaxation and Bronchodilation. Atropine - CORRECT ANSWER-Atropine=0.5 mg IV MAX DOSE OF 3 mg. Anticholinergic (parasympatholytic) In pediatric patients give for RSI to stop Bradycardia from happening and it also drys up secretions. (speeds up the heart). Magnesium Sulfate - CORRECT ANSWER-Electrolyte, smooth muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant. DOSE=1-2 grams over no less than 5 mg in respiratory. Can paralyze diaphragm if pushed to fast. DO NOT USE IF THE PATIENT HAS A HEART BLOCK.