NURS 5315 FINAL
EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
A patient in respiratory distress and is breathing 33 breaths per minute. Which ABG
value is consistent with the clinical scenario?
PCO2 15
pH 7.30
pH 7.45
O2 sat 100%
A patient who is breathing 33 breaths per minute is hyperventilating and blo...
NURS 5315 FINAL
EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2023\2024
A patient in respiratory distress and is breathing 33 breaths per minute. Which ABG
value is consistent with the clinical scenario?
PCO2 15
pH 7.30
pH 7.45
O2 sat 100%
A patient who is breathing 33 breaths per minute is hyperventilating and blowing off
CO2; therefore the PCO2 level will be low. The patient will most likely experience a
respiratory alkalosis and the two pH values provided are not consistent with this
diagnosis.
A patient has a sodium level of 115 mEq/L and is disoriented and lethargic. Which
pathological process best explains this patient's symptoms?
a. The action potential has become hyperpolarized.
b. Water has shifted into the neurons and caused them to swell.
,c. Water has shifted into the vascular space and dehydrated the neurons.
d. The action potential has become hypopolarized.
b. The cause of neurologic symptoms associated with a sodium imbalance is directly
related to fluid shifting into or out of the neurons of the brain. With a serum sodium
of 115 mEq/L, water shifts into the neurons and causes them to swell. Hypernatremia
causes water to shift out of the cell into the intravascular space and causes the
neurons to become dehydrated. An alteration in the action potential is not seen with
sodium imbalances.
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A patient experiencing dehydration should be monitored for which electrolyte
imbalance?
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hypercalcemia
d. Hyponatermia
, a. Serum osmolality is increased during times of dehydration. An elevated serum
osmolality will pull potassium into the intravascular space from the intracellular
space and cause a rise in serum potassium.
A married couple presents to your office for genetic counseling. The husband has an
autosomal recessive disease and his wife has a heterozygous genotype for the
disease. They ask you, What is the chance that our baby will have the disease?
Which of the following answers is correct?
25%
50%
75%
100%
A chromosome is a package of material located inside the cell nucleus which is
made of proteins and a single molecule of DNA. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes
in each human cell for a total of 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are separated into
two identical sets during mitosis or meiosis. This provides a set of chromosomes to
each daughter cell which results from cell division. This process is responsible for
the transfer of genetic information to the daughter cells. The first 22 pairs of
chromosomes are known as autosomes. The 23rd pair of chromosomes is the pair
which contains the genetic information for gender. This pair contains the genetic
information which delineates between the male and female genders. Females have
two X chromosomes (XX) and males have an XY chromosome pair. Autosomal
chromosomes are said to be autologous. This means they do not carry genetic
information pertaining to gender. Autosomal genetic diseases are carried on the first
22 pairs of chromosomes. Sex-linked diseases are only carried on the 23rd pair of
chromosomes. The autosomal chromosomes are nearly identical to one another and
are considered homologous to one another. Each autosomal chromosome in a pair
carries identical genes. These two genes are known as alleles. The alleles occupy
the same site on each partner of the chromosome pair and code for the same genetic
trait or physiologic function. Alleles can be dominant or recessive. One allele may be
dominant and the other recessive, or they both may be dominant or both recessive.
The dominant alleles' genetic code will always manifest in the individual's
phenotype. The information in the recessive allele is typically not expressed in the
phenotype unless both alleles are recessive. For the purpose of clarity in use, the
dominant gene is assigned a capital letter and the recessive gene is assigned a
lower case letter. Any letter is okay to use but make sure you use the same letter for
the genotype - for example, "Bb or aa." The term homozygous refers to a pair of
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