ATI Capstone Mental Health(Latest Update 2024)Correct 100%
Mental Status Exam includes: - ANSWER Level of consciousness
Physical appearance
Behavior
Cognitive and intellectual abilities
part of his or her routine and ongoing assessment of the client. Changes should be investigated further and the provider notified.
2 types of mental health hospitalizations - ANSWER Voluntary commitment and involuntary or civil commitment. Involuntary commitment is against the client's will. Despite that, unless proven otherwise, clients are still considered competent and have the right to refuse treatment.
Communication tips - ANSWER * If the client is anxious or depressed - use open-
ended, supportive statements* If the client is suicidal - use direct, yes or no questions to
assess suicide risk* If the client is panicked - use gentle guidance and direction* If the client is confused - provide reality orientation* If the client has delusions / hallucinations / paranoia - acknowledge these, but don't reinforce* If the client has obsessive / compulsive behavior - communicate AFTER the compulsive behavior* If the
client has a personality or cognitive disorder - be calm and matter-of-fact
Treatment for mental health illnesses and disorders can include - ANSWER medications, talk and behavior therapy, and / or brain stimulation. Clients undergoing care for mental health disorders may feel pressure to deny behavior or issues to appear
'normal'. The nurse should always carefully assess each individual to ensure optimal response to therapies.
Brain Stimulation Therapy - ANSWER electroconvulsive therapy or ECT. ECT is generally performed for major depressive disorders, schizophrenia, or acute manic disorders. Most clients receive therapy three times a week for two to three weeks. Prior to ECT, carefully screen the client for any home medication use. Lithium, MAOIs, and all
seizure threshold medications should be discontinued two weeks prior to ECT. After therapy, reorient the client as short-term memory loss is common.
anxiety disorders - ANSWER Common mental health disorders. Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Phobias, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are all considered types of anxiety disorders. Assess the client for risk factors, triggers, and responses. Depression Symptoms - ANSWER Change in sleep patterns, indecisiveness, decreased concentration, or change in body weight. Any client who shows these signs or symptoms should be asked if they have suicidal ideation. Teach clients to never discontinue antidepressants suddenly.
Bipolar Disorders - ANSWER mood disorders with periods of depression and mania. Clients have a high risk for injury during the manic phase related to decreased sleep, feelings of grandiosity, and impulsivity. Hospitalization is often required and nurses should provide for client safety.
Types of Abuse - ANSWER physical, sexual, or emotional. Tends to be cyclic, following a pattern of tension building, battering, and honeymoon phase. When test questions appear related to abuse, look for the phase to determine the correct response.
Aggressive or violent patient - ANSWER setting boundaries and limits on behavior is important. The nurse should maintain a calm approach and use short, simple sentences.
SSRIs: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors - ANSWER These medications include Citalopram (Celexa), Fluoxetine (Prozac), or Sertraline (Zoloft). The client should avoid using St. John's Wort with these medications, and should eat a healthy diet while on these medications.
TCAs: Tricyclic Antidepressants - ANSWER Amitriptyline (Elavil) is an example. Anticholinergic effects and orthostatic hypotension may occur.
MAOIs: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors - ANSWER Phenelzine (Nardil) is an example. Hypertensive crisis may occur with tyramine food ingestion, so care must be taken to avoid these substances. Educate the client to avoid all medications until discussed with provider.
Atypical antidepressants - ANSWER Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is the most common example. Appetite suppression is a common side-effect. Headache and dry mouth may be severe and client should notify the provider if this occurs. should not be used with clients with seizure disorders.
Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors - ANSWER Venlafaxine (Effexor) and Duloxetine (Cymbalta). Adverse effects may include nausea, weight gain, and sexual dysfunction.
Antagonists - ANSWER produce therapeutic effects. drugs that allow the body's neurotransmitters, hormones, and other regulators to perform the jobs they are supposed to perform. Morphine sulfate, codeine, and meperidine (Demerol) are opioid agonists that act on the mu receptors to produce analgesia, respiratory depression, euphoria, and sedation. These drugs also work on kappa receptors, resulting in pain control, sedation, and decreased GI motility. Antagonists, on the other hand, are drugs
