Test Bank For Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 16th
Edition by Gerard J. Tortora|Chapter 1-29|Complete
Question type: Multiple-Selection
Chapter 1
1) Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? Select all that apply.
a) Support
b) Protection
c) Thermoregulation
d) Vitamin D production
e) Assistance in movement
f) Mineral homeostasis
g) Blood cell production
h) Osmotic balance
i) Triglyceride storage
j) Communication
Answer 1: a
Answer 2:b
Answer 3:e
Answer 4:f
Answer 5:g
Answer 6:i
Difficulty: Hard
Shuffle: Yes
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.1 Describe the six main functions of the skeletal system. Section
Reference 1: Sec 6.1 Functions of Bone and the Skeletal System
Question Type: Multiple Choice
2) Which region of a long bone articulates with other bones?
a) diaphysis
b) epiphysis
c) proximal metaphysis
d) epiphyseal plate
,e) distal metaphysis
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Shuffle: Yes
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.2 Describe the structure and functions of each part of a long bone.
Section Reference 1: Sec 6.2 Structure of Bone
3) The shaft of a long bone is the
a) diaphysis.
b) epiphysis.
c) metaphysis.
d) periosteum.
e) medullary cavity.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Shuffle: Yes
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.2 Describe the structure and functions of each part of a long bone.
Section Reference 1: Sec 6.2 Structure of Bone
4) The ______is composed of hyaline cartilage and reduces friction between bones involved in a
joint.
a) periosteum
b) distal epiphysis
c) epiphyseal line
d) articular cartilage
e) epiphyseal plate
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Shuffle: Yes
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.2 Describe the structure and functions of each part of a long bone.
Section Reference 1: Sec 6.2 Structure of Bone
,5) The ______is composed of hyaline cartilage and allows the diaphysis to grow in length.
a) periosteum
b) distal epiphysis
c) epiphyseal line
d) articular cartilage
e) epiphyseal plate
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
Shuffle: Yes
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.5 Describe the processes and purposes of bone growth and
remodeling.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.5.2 Explain how bone grows in length and thickness. Section
Reference 1: Sec 6.2 Structure of Bone
6) The _______ is the region of long bone that contains hyaline cartilage used for growth in
length.
a) epiphyseal plate
b) epiphyseal line
c) metaphysis
d) diaphyseal
e) articular cartilage
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Shuffle: Yes
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.2 Describe the structure and functions of each part of a long bone.
Section Reference 1: Sec 6.2 Structure of Bone
7) What area of long bone is composed of dense irregular connective tissue and osteogenic cells?
a) periosteum
b) endosteum
c) medullary cavity
d) epiphyseal plate
e) articular cartilage
Answer: a
,Difficulty: Medium
Shuffle: Yes
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.2 Describe the structure and functions of each part of a long bone.
Section Reference 1: Sec 6.2 Structure of Bone
8) Which of following selections lists bone cells in the order from unspecialized stem cell to
highly specialized mature bone cell?
a) osteoprogenitor cells, osteoclasts, osteocytes
b) osteoclasts, osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes
c) osteoprogenitor cells, osteocytes, osteoblasts
d) osteoblasts, osteoprogenitor cells, osteocytes
e) osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Shuffle: Yes
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Compare the properties of compact and spongy bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.2 Describe the cellular composition of bone tissue and the
functions of each type of cell.
Section Reference 1: Sec 6.3 Histology of Bone Tissue
9) The cells active in fracture repair during the production of the hard (spongy bone) callus.
a) fibroblasts
b) osteoclasts
c) osteocytes
d) osteoblasts
e) chondroblasts
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Shuffle: Yes
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Compare the properties of compact and spongy bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.2 Describe the cellular composition of bone tissue and the
functions of each type of cell.
Section Reference 1: Sec 6.3 Histology of Bone Tissue
,10) Cells active when cartilage needs to be removed so new bone can be produced.
a) osteoprogenitor cells
b) osteoclasts
c) osteocytes
d) osteoblasts
e) chondroblasts
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Shuffle: Yes
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.5 Describe the processes and purposes of bone growth and
remodeling.
Section Reference 1: Sec 6.5 Bone Formation
11) This cell is active once the matrix of bone calcifies. The cells sits in a lacunae.
a) osteoprogenitor cells
b) osteoclasts
c) osteocytes
d) osteoblasts
e) chondroblasts
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Shuffle: Yes
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Compare the properties of compact and spongy bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.2 Describe the cellular composition of bone tissue and the
functions of each type of cell.
Section Reference 1: Sec 6.3 Histology of Bone Tissue
12) What are the extracellular fluid filled extensions of the lacunae called?
a) interosteonic (perforating) canals
b) osteonic (Haversian) canals
c) concentric lamellae
d) canaliculi
e) perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers
,Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Shuffle: Yes
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Compare the properties of compact and spongy bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.2 Describe the cellular composition of bone tissue and the
functions of each type of cell.
Section Reference 1: Sec 6.3 Histology of Bone Tissue
13) How are osteons in compact bone tissue aligned? How does the osteon arrangement affect
bone strength?
a) horizontal to the metaphysis; the epiphyseal plate resists tearing due to the arrangement of
osteons.
b) parallel to the epiphysis; the spongy bone follows the alignment of the osteons increasing the
strength of the bone ends.
c) parallel to the length of the diaphysis; the shaft resists bending even when stresses are applied
in certain directions.
d) randomly between the epiphyseal plates; the random arrangement of osteons makes the shaft
strong no matter what direction the bone is stressed.
e) parallel to the perforating canals; the osteons running adjacent to the canals protects the vessels
and nerves from becoming damaged.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
Shuffle: Yes
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Compare the properties of compact and spongy bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.3 Compare the structural and functional differences between
compact and spongy bone tissue.
Section Reference 1: Sec 6.3 Histology of Bone Tissue
Question Type: Multiple-Selection
14) What statements describe bone remodeling.
1. It occurs throughout your lifetime.
2. It involves bone resorption.
3. It involves bone deposition.
4. It occurs at different rates at different locations.
5. It occurs at a faster rate in compact bone than spongy bone.
,6. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts will be working on the same tunnel simultaneously.
7. Osteoclasts place calcium and phosphorus directly into the bloodstream.
Answer 1: 1
Answer 2: 2
Answer 3: 3
Answer 5: 4
Difficulty: Hard
Shuffle: Yes
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.5 Describe the processes and purposes of bone growth and
remodeling.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.5.3 Describe the process involved in bone remodeling. Section
Reference 1: Sec 6.5 Bone Formation.
Question Type: Multiple Choice
15) Why would running and jumping have a larger effect on bone health than walking?
a) Osteoblasts are less active and osteoclast are more active when there is mechanical stress
placed on bones.
b) Osteoblasts are more active and osteoclast maintain normal activity when there is mechanical
stress placed on bones.
c) Mechanical stress does not have an influence on osteoblast and osteoclast activity.
d) Running and jumping will prevent demineralization over time.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
Shuffle: Yes
Bloomcode: Synthesis
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.8 Describe how exercise and mechanical stress affect bone tissue.
Section Reference 1: Sec 6.8 Exercise and Bone Tissue.
Question type: Essay
16) Briefly describe the steps in bone deposition.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
,Learning Objective 1: LO 6.5 Describe the processes and purposes of bone growth and
remodeling.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.5.3 Describe the process involved in bone remodeling.
Section Reference 1: Sec 6.5 Bone Formation.
Solution: during bone deposition, osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells develop into osteoblasts.
The osteoblasts secrete collagen fibers and other organic substances to begin formation of
matrix. Within the spaces between fibers, calcification occurs to form a solid matrix that
eventually surrounds the osteoblast and some extracellular fluid. The osteoblast in its new lacuna
is isolated and becomes an osteocyte. The osteocyte continues to secrete matrix but at a lower
level.
17) Briefly describe the steps in bone resorption.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.5 Describe the processes and purposes of bone growth and
remodeling.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.5.3 Describe the process involved in bone remodeling.
Section Reference 1: Sec 6.5 Bone Formation.
Solution: during bone resorption, an osteoclast attaches tightly to the endosteum or periosteum of
the bone and forms a leak proof seal at the edges. Then it releases protein-digesting lysosomal
enzymes and several amino acids into the sealed pocket. The enzymes digest collagen fibers and
other organic substances while the acids dissolve the bone materials. Working together several
osteoclasts carve out a small tunnel in the old bone. The degraded bone proteins and extracellular
matrix minerals enter an osteoclast by endocytosis, cross the cell in vesicles, and undergo
exocytosis on the side opposite the ruffled border. Now in the interstitial fluid, the products of
bone resorption diffuse into nearby blood capillaries. Once a small area of bone has been
resorbed, osteoclasts depart and osteoblasts move in to rebuild bone in that area.
Question type: Multiple Choice
18) Which two minerals are needed in large quantities when bones are growing?
a) calcium and chlorine
b) magnesium and sulfur
c) calcium and phosphorous
d) manganese and sulfur
e) potassium and phosphorous
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Shuffle: Yes
,Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.5 Describe the processes and purposes of bone growth and
remodeling.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.5.3 Describe the process involved in bone remodeling. Section
Reference 1: Sec 6.5 Bone Formation.
Question Type: Multiple Choice
19) List the order of the zones in an epiphyseal plate from the diaphyseal region to the distal
epiphysis.
A: Zone of calcified cartilage
B: Zone of hypertrophic cartilage
C: Zone of proliferating cartilage
D: Zone of resting cartilage
a) a,c,d,b
b) b,a,c,d
c) a,b,d,c
d) a,b,c,d
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Shuffle: Yes
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.5 Describe the processes and purposes of bone growth and
remodeling.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.5.2 Explain how bone grows in length and thickness. Section
Reference 1: Sec 6.5 Bone Formation.
20) In endochondral ossification, what is the original source of osteoblasts?
a) endoderm
b) mesenchyme
c) mucus connective tissue
d) osteoprogenitor cells
e) ectoderm
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Shuffle: Yes
, Bloomcode: Synthesis
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.5 Describe the processes and purposes of bone growth and
remodeling.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.5.1 Describe the steps of intramembranous and endochondral
ossification.
Section Reference 1: Sec 6.5 Bone Formation.
21) Which type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is only seen in children?
a) open
b) comminuted
c) impacted
d) greenstick
e) stress
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Shuffle: Yes
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.6 Describe common types of fractures and the process of fracture
repair.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.6.1 Describe several common types of fractures. Section
Reference 1: Sec 6.6 Fracture and Repair of Bone.
22) Mary, an avid runner, was complaining that her lower leg hurt. After going to the doctor,
they did not see anything on x-rays of her tibia or fibula. The doctor ordered a bone scan and saw
tiny fissures throughout her tibia without any other tissue damage. What is Mary’s likely
diagnosis?
a) Pott fracture
b) Colles fracture
c) Impacted fracture
d) Comminuted fracture
e) Stress fracture
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
Shuffle: Yes
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.6 Describe common types of fractures and the process of fracture
repair.
