Exam (elaborations)
LIGHT ENERGY test(elaborations)
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Q. what is the speed of light in air, water, and glass?Ans. Air- 3x 108 ms-1
Water- 2.25 x 108 ms-1
Glass- 2 x 108 ms-1
Q. define optically rarer and optically denser.
Ans. A medium is said to be denser if the speed of light decreases, and a medium is rarer if light’s speed increases. But remember
the speed light cannot be more than 3x 108 ms-1 in any medium.
Q. define refraction.
Ans. The change in direction of the path of light when it passes from one optically transparent medium to another is called
refraction of light.
Q. what happens to a ray of light when it travels from a denser to a rarer medium?
Ans. The ray of light bends towards the normal.
Q. what happens to a ray of light when it travels through a rarer to a denser medium?
Ans. The ray of light bends away from the normal.
Q. define incident ray.
Ans. The ray of light falling on the surface separating the two media is called the incident ray.
Q. define refracted ray.
Ans. The ray of light traveling in the other medium in the changed direction is called the refracted ray.
, Q. define normal.
Ans. The perpendicular drawn on the surface separating the two media at the point of incidence is called the normal.
Q. define the angle of incidence.
Ans. The angle between the incident ray and the normal is called the angle of incidence.
Q. define the angle of refraction.
Ans. The angle between the refracted ray and the normal is called the angle of refraction.
Q. list the laws of refraction. Which law is called Snell’s Law?
Ans. (1) the incident ray, refracted ray, and the normal at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane.
(2) for a given pair of media and a given color of light, the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑖
refraction is a constant: = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑟
This constant is denoted by the symbol 𝜇(mew). The “constant” is known as the refractive index. Given as-
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚
𝜇=
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚
Q. state the formula(s) of refractive index.
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚
Ans. (1) 𝜇 =
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚
𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ
(2) = refractive index
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ
Q. What is the refractive index of air?
Ans. 1 (one)
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