Psychology
2e:
Chapter
2
deductive
reasoning
-
ANS
results
are
predicted
based
on
a
general
premise
inductive
reasoning
-
ANS
conclusions
are
drawn
from
observations
Theory
-
ANS
well-developed
set
of
ideas
that
propose
an
explanation
for
observed
phenomena
Hypothesis
-
ANS
a
tentative,
testable
statement
or
prediction
about
what
has
been
observed
Approaches
to
Research
-
ANS
Clinical
or
case
studies;
Naturalistic
Observation;
Survey;
Archival
Research;
Longitudinal
and
Cross-Sectional
Research
clinical
or
case
studies
-
ANS
Focus
on
one
individual.
The
studied
individual
is
typically
in
a
extreme
or
unique
psychological
circumstance
that
differentiates
them
for
the
general
public.
Also
for
a
lot
of
insight
into
a
case.
Difficult
to
generalize
results
to
the
larger
population.
observer
bias
-
ANS
when
observations
may
be
skewed
to
align
with
observer
expectations
Jane
Goodall
-
ANS
made
a
career
of
conducting
naturalistic
observations
of
chimpanzee
behavior
archival
research
-
ANS
Uses
past
records
or
data
sets
to
answer
various
research
questions,
or
to
search
for
interesting
patterns
or
relationships
Cross-sectional
Research
-
ANS
compares
multiple
segments
of
a
population
at
a
single
time
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