Nutrition Exam #2 Correct Questions & Answers!!

What are the food sources of CHOs? - ANSWER All plant foods - whole grains, vegetables, legumes, and fruits - provide carbohydrate Milk products also contain carbohydrates Recommended Intakes: 45-65& daily kcal intake FDA uses 60% of 2000-kcal diet on food labels - 300 mg 10% or less should be from concentrate sugar Monosaccharides - ANSWER Glucose: commonly known as blood sugar; serves as an essential energy source for all the bodys activity Fructose: sweetest of the sugars; occurs naturally in fruits and honey, and found in products such as soft drinks, ready-to-eat cereals, and desserts that have been sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup Galactose: occurs naturally in foods as a single sugar in only small amounts Disaccharides - ANSWER Maltose: consists of two glucose molecules; is only a minor constituent of a few foods, most notably barely Sucrose: consists of glucose and fructose; account for the natural sweetness of fruits, vegetables, and grains Lactose: consists of glucose and galactose; the principal carbohydrate of milk Polysaccharides - ANSWER Glycogen: made of many glucose molecules bonded together; found in meats Starch: made of many glucose molecules bonded together; found in plants - grains are the richest food source of starch Glucose - ANSWER know as blood sugar; serves as an essential energy source for all of the body's activities preferred energy source for brain cells, other nerve cells, and developing red blood cells glycogen - ANSWER stores glucose in the human body for future use stored in the liver and in muscle cells Gluconeogenesis - ANSWER the making of glucose from a non-carbohydrate source such as amino acids or glycerol Glycogenesis - ANSWER in the liver, excess glucose molecules link through condensation reactions to form glycogen Glycogenolysis - ANSWER liver breaks down glycogen into glucose through hydrolysis reactions Glycerol - ANSWER an alcohol composed of a three-carbon chain, which can serve as the backbone for a triglyceride Condensation Reaction - ANSWER a chemical reaction in which water is released as two molecules combine to form one larger product binds glucose molecules together when blood glucose is high in order to make more glycogen turns glucose to glycogen for storage forms triglycerides Hydrolysis reaction - ANSWER a chemical reaction in which one molecule is split into two molecules, with hydrogen (H^+) added to one and hydroxyl (OH^-) added to the other commonly occur during digestion separated glycogen into glucose molecules when blood glucose is low and releases glucose molecules in the blood stream breaks down glucose molecules in liver when there isn't a good glucose balance and put them together into the more permanent storage compound - fat Dietary Fibers - ANSWER non-starch polysaccharides that are not digested by human digestive enzymes; contribute no monosaccharides and therefore little to no energy soluble fibers - ANSWER non-starch polysaccharides that dissolve in water to form a gel commonly found in oats, barely, legumes, and citrus fruits