NURS
5315
UTA
patho
test
4
Questions
with
100%
correct
answers
T3
and
T4
functions
-
answer--
maintenance
of
muscle
tone
-
skeletal
muscle
maturation
-
antagonization
of
insulin
-
regulation
of
cellular
metabolism
-
promotion
of
production
of
heat
-
maintenance
of
cardiac
output,
contraction
and
rate
-
maintenance
of
GI
secretion
-
assistance
w/
cardiac
mobilization
-
stimulation
of
lipid
metab
-
free
fatty
acid
release
-
cholesterol
synthesis
-
RBC
prod
-
regulates
bdy
heat
-
affects
repiratory
rate
&
O2
utilization
thyroid
hormone
effects
on
the
heart
-
answer--
production
of
contractile
protein
a-myosin
is
stim
by
T3
-
T3
also
stim
production
of
sacrolemma
ion
pumps
&
B-adrengeric
receptors
Hyperthyroidism
-
answer--
excessive
activity
of
the
thyroid
gland
-
caused
by
graves
ds,
thyroid
ca,
thyroid
nodules
-
CM:
metabolic
rate
increases
causing
heat
intolerance,
goiter,
menstrual
irregularularities,
weight
loss,
diaphoresis,
fine
tremor,
tachycardia,
frequent
bowel
movements,
restlessness,
short
attention span,
hair
loss,
anorexia,
exophthalmos
(bulging
eyes),
pretibial
edema,
hrt
failure
Graves
disease
-
answer--
most
common
cause
of
hyperthyroidism
-
antibodies
attach
to
thyroid
cells
&
mimic
fxn
of
TSH
which
results
in
an
increased
secretion
of
T3
&
T4
&
overrides
neg
feedback
mech
which
regulate
TSH
secretion
-
results
in
goiter
dev
-
CM:
exophthalmos,
periorbital
edema,
extraocular
muscle
weakness
l/t
strabismus
&
diplopia
thyroid
nodules
-
answer--
secrete
extra
thyroid
hormones
-
can
dev
d/t
preg,
puberty,
autoimmune
ds,
viral
infection,
genetics
-
CM
dev
slowly
and
patients
will
not
have
exophthalmos
or
pretibial
myxedema
thyroid
storm
-
answer--
severe
and
may
cause
death
-
triggered
by
an
event
such
as
infection,
trauma,
cardiopulmonary
disorders,
burns,
seizures,
or
surgery
-
CM:
extreme
restlessness,
agitation,
delirium,
seizures,
coma,
severe
tachycardia,
heart
failure,
hyperthermia,
vol
depletion,
N/V/D
-
caused
by
a
sudden
rel
of
hormones
Hypothyroidism
-
answer--
insufficient
amounts
of
thyroid
hormone
-
CM:
=
confusion,
syncope,
slow
speech,
memory
loss
depression
=
cardiovascular:
anemia,
bradycardia,
reduced
SV,
decreased
CO,
increase
PVR,
prolonged
PR
interval,
inverted
T
waves,
cardiac
tamponade
=
pulmonary:
dyspnea,
hypoventilation,
CO2
retention
=
decreased
appetite,
wt
gain,
coarse
hair,
dry
skin,
cold
intolerant,
low
bdy
temp,
constipation,
hyperlipidemia,
decreased
nutrient
absorption,
periorbital
edema,
peripheral
edema,
myxedema -
high
TSH
and
low
T3
&
T4
-
reduced
renal
bl
flow
&
GFR,
increased
total
bdy
water,
hyponatremia
Primary
hypothyroidism
-
answer--primary
defect
in
thyroid
gland
-
causes
include
congenital
defects,
thryroidectomy ,
thyroid
radiation,
iodine
deficiency,
anti-thyroid
medications,
impairment
in
thyroid
hormone
syntheisis
secondary
hypothyroidism
-
answer--
r/s
from
a
malfxn
in
pituitary
or
hypothalamus
gland
that
leads
to
a
lack
of
TSH
-
most
common
cause
is
pituitary
tumor
but
can
be
caused
by
traumatic
brain
injury,
subarachnoid
hemorrhage,
or
pituitary
infarction
myxedema
coma
-
answer--
thyroid
emergency
-
r/s
decreased
level
of
consciousness
&
usu
has
a
precipitating
event
like
infection,
discontinuation
of
thyroid
meds,
narcotic
or
sedative
use
-
CM:
hypotension,
hypoventilation,
shivering,
hypothermia,
lactic
acidosis,
coma,
and
hypoglycemia
-
elderly
w/
comorbid
conditions:
UTI,
hrt
failure,
stroke,
&
moderate
or
untreated
hypothyroidism
are
at
increased
risk
Leptin
-
answer--
produced
by
obesity
gene
-
high
levels
inhibit
appetite
by
blocking
neurons
which
increase
appetite
&
stim
neurons
which
suppress
appetite
-
low
levels
cause
increase
in
appetite
&
decrease
energy
use
-
levels
increase
when
adipocyte
#s
increase
-
when
high
levels
are
ineffective
at
decreaseing
appetite,
this
is
known
as
resistance
which
promotes
overeating
&
wt
gain,
hyperglycemia,
increased
insulin
secretion,
hyperlipidemia,
&
a
release
of
proinflammatory
mediators -
chronically
elevated
levels
promote
chronic
inflammation,
ventricular
hypertrophy
&
contributes
to
HTN,
atherosclerosis,
CV
ds,
and
ca
adiponectin
-
answer--
secreted
mainly
by
visceral
adipose
tiss
-
increases
insulin
sensitivity
&
has
anti-inflammatory
prop
-
levels
decrease
in
obesity
l/d
insulin
resistance
and
DM
II
-
decrease
levels
cause:
increase
in
hepatic
gluconeogenesis,
decreases
skeletal
muscle
glucose
uptake,
&
increased
levels
of
inflammatory
mediators,
increased
risk
of
CAD,
chronic
inflammation
&
thrombosis
endocannabinoids
-
answer--
increase
appetite,
enhance
nutrient
absorption,
stim
lipogenesis,
increase
white
adipose
tiss
-
inhibit
energy
expenditure
angiotensinogen
-
answer--made
by
liver
&
adipocytes
-
increased
in
obesity
-
precursor
to
angiotensin
I
-
increased
levels
increase
prod
of
angiotensin
II
which
l/d
vasoconstriction,
renal
retention
of
Na
and
H2O,
&
release
of
aldosterone
-
increased
levels
of
angiotensin
II
l/d
inflammation,
lipogenesis,
oxidative
stress
&
insulin
resistance
which
is
associated
w/
HTN,
atherosclerosis,
DM
II,
&
ca
Ghrelin
-
answer--
prod
by
gastric
mucosa
in
response
to
hunger
&
stim
food
intake
-
causes
changes
that
increase
bdy
wt
&
bdy
fat
-
stim
rel
of
growth
hormone,
rel
of
gastric
acid,
GI
motility
&
insulin
secretion
-
promotes
satiety,
vasodilation,
&
is
cardioprotective
-
in
obsesity
levels
are
lower
&
there
is
a
blunted
response
to
eating
5315
UTA
patho
test
4
Questions
with
100%
correct
answers
T3
and
T4
functions
-
answer--
maintenance
of
muscle
tone
-
skeletal
muscle
maturation
-
antagonization
of
insulin
-
regulation
of
cellular
metabolism
-
promotion
of
production
of
heat
-
maintenance
of
cardiac
output,
contraction
and
rate
-
maintenance
of
GI
secretion
-
assistance
w/
cardiac
mobilization
-
stimulation
of
lipid
metab
-
free
fatty
acid
release
-
cholesterol
synthesis
-
RBC
prod
-
regulates
bdy
heat
-
affects
repiratory
rate
&
O2
utilization
thyroid
hormone
effects
on
the
heart
-
answer--
production
of
contractile
protein
a-myosin
is
stim
by
T3
-
T3
also
stim
production
of
sacrolemma
ion
pumps
&
B-adrengeric
receptors
Hyperthyroidism
-
answer--
excessive
activity
of
the
thyroid
gland
-
caused
by
graves
ds,
thyroid
ca,
thyroid
nodules
-
CM:
metabolic
rate
increases
causing
heat
intolerance,
goiter,
menstrual
irregularularities,
weight
loss,
diaphoresis,
fine
tremor,
tachycardia,
frequent
bowel
movements,
restlessness,
short
attention span,
hair
loss,
anorexia,
exophthalmos
(bulging
eyes),
pretibial
edema,
hrt
failure
Graves
disease
-
answer--
most
common
cause
of
hyperthyroidism
-
antibodies
attach
to
thyroid
cells
&
mimic
fxn
of
TSH
which
results
in
an
increased
secretion
of
T3
&
T4
&
overrides
neg
feedback
mech
which
regulate
TSH
secretion
-
results
in
goiter
dev
-
CM:
exophthalmos,
periorbital
edema,
extraocular
muscle
weakness
l/t
strabismus
&
diplopia
thyroid
nodules
-
answer--
secrete
extra
thyroid
hormones
-
can
dev
d/t
preg,
puberty,
autoimmune
ds,
viral
infection,
genetics
-
CM
dev
slowly
and
patients
will
not
have
exophthalmos
or
pretibial
myxedema
thyroid
storm
-
answer--
severe
and
may
cause
death
-
triggered
by
an
event
such
as
infection,
trauma,
cardiopulmonary
disorders,
burns,
seizures,
or
surgery
-
CM:
extreme
restlessness,
agitation,
delirium,
seizures,
coma,
severe
tachycardia,
heart
failure,
hyperthermia,
vol
depletion,
N/V/D
-
caused
by
a
sudden
rel
of
hormones
Hypothyroidism
-
answer--
insufficient
amounts
of
thyroid
hormone
-
CM:
=
confusion,
syncope,
slow
speech,
memory
loss
depression
=
cardiovascular:
anemia,
bradycardia,
reduced
SV,
decreased
CO,
increase
PVR,
prolonged
PR
interval,
inverted
T
waves,
cardiac
tamponade
=
pulmonary:
dyspnea,
hypoventilation,
CO2
retention
=
decreased
appetite,
wt
gain,
coarse
hair,
dry
skin,
cold
intolerant,
low
bdy
temp,
constipation,
hyperlipidemia,
decreased
nutrient
absorption,
periorbital
edema,
peripheral
edema,
myxedema -
high
TSH
and
low
T3
&
T4
-
reduced
renal
bl
flow
&
GFR,
increased
total
bdy
water,
hyponatremia
Primary
hypothyroidism
-
answer--primary
defect
in
thyroid
gland
-
causes
include
congenital
defects,
thryroidectomy ,
thyroid
radiation,
iodine
deficiency,
anti-thyroid
medications,
impairment
in
thyroid
hormone
syntheisis
secondary
hypothyroidism
-
answer--
r/s
from
a
malfxn
in
pituitary
or
hypothalamus
gland
that
leads
to
a
lack
of
TSH
-
most
common
cause
is
pituitary
tumor
but
can
be
caused
by
traumatic
brain
injury,
subarachnoid
hemorrhage,
or
pituitary
infarction
myxedema
coma
-
answer--
thyroid
emergency
-
r/s
decreased
level
of
consciousness
&
usu
has
a
precipitating
event
like
infection,
discontinuation
of
thyroid
meds,
narcotic
or
sedative
use
-
CM:
hypotension,
hypoventilation,
shivering,
hypothermia,
lactic
acidosis,
coma,
and
hypoglycemia
-
elderly
w/
comorbid
conditions:
UTI,
hrt
failure,
stroke,
&
moderate
or
untreated
hypothyroidism
are
at
increased
risk
Leptin
-
answer--
produced
by
obesity
gene
-
high
levels
inhibit
appetite
by
blocking
neurons
which
increase
appetite
&
stim
neurons
which
suppress
appetite
-
low
levels
cause
increase
in
appetite
&
decrease
energy
use
-
levels
increase
when
adipocyte
#s
increase
-
when
high
levels
are
ineffective
at
decreaseing
appetite,
this
is
known
as
resistance
which
promotes
overeating
&
wt
gain,
hyperglycemia,
increased
insulin
secretion,
hyperlipidemia,
&
a
release
of
proinflammatory
mediators -
chronically
elevated
levels
promote
chronic
inflammation,
ventricular
hypertrophy
&
contributes
to
HTN,
atherosclerosis,
CV
ds,
and
ca
adiponectin
-
answer--
secreted
mainly
by
visceral
adipose
tiss
-
increases
insulin
sensitivity
&
has
anti-inflammatory
prop
-
levels
decrease
in
obesity
l/d
insulin
resistance
and
DM
II
-
decrease
levels
cause:
increase
in
hepatic
gluconeogenesis,
decreases
skeletal
muscle
glucose
uptake,
&
increased
levels
of
inflammatory
mediators,
increased
risk
of
CAD,
chronic
inflammation
&
thrombosis
endocannabinoids
-
answer--
increase
appetite,
enhance
nutrient
absorption,
stim
lipogenesis,
increase
white
adipose
tiss
-
inhibit
energy
expenditure
angiotensinogen
-
answer--made
by
liver
&
adipocytes
-
increased
in
obesity
-
precursor
to
angiotensin
I
-
increased
levels
increase
prod
of
angiotensin
II
which
l/d
vasoconstriction,
renal
retention
of
Na
and
H2O,
&
release
of
aldosterone
-
increased
levels
of
angiotensin
II
l/d
inflammation,
lipogenesis,
oxidative
stress
&
insulin
resistance
which
is
associated
w/
HTN,
atherosclerosis,
DM
II,
&
ca
Ghrelin
-
answer--
prod
by
gastric
mucosa
in
response
to
hunger
&
stim
food
intake
-
causes
changes
that
increase
bdy
wt
&
bdy
fat
-
stim
rel
of
growth
hormone,
rel
of
gastric
acid,
GI
motility
&
insulin
secretion
-
promotes
satiety,
vasodilation,
&
is
cardioprotective
-
in
obsesity
levels
are
lower
&
there
is
a
blunted
response
to
eating
