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NR 293 final pharm Questions and Correct Answers.
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NR 293: final pharm Questions and CorrectAnswers
Antacids containing magnesium salts commonly causes ____ - correct answers:Diarrhea
Antacids containing aluminum salts commonly causes ____ - correct answers:Constipation
Antacids containing calcium salts commonly causes _____ - correct answers:Constipation + Kidney
Stones
What are the adverse effects of adsorbents [antidiarrheal drugs]? - correct answers:increased bleeding
time, constipation, dark stool, confusion, tinnitus, metallic taste, blue gums
What are the adverse effects of anti-motility drugs? - correct answers:urinary retention, impotence [ED],
headache, dizziness, anxiety, drowsiness, bradycardia, hypotension, dry skin, flushing, and blurred vision
What are the adverse effects of opiates? - correct answers:drowsiness, dizziness, lethargy, nausea,
vomiting, constipation, hypotension, urinary retention, flushing, respiratory depression
What are the two most common toxicities associated with amino glycoside administration? - correct
answers:nephrotoxicity [renal damage]
ototoxicity [affect hearing + balance function]
Major adverse effects are caused by anti fungal drugs when administered in combination with
ampothericin B. What actions should the health care professional initiate? - correct answers:Administer
pre medications [antipyretic or acetaminophen, antihistamine, antiemetic, and corticosteroid] to
minimize or prevent infusion related reactions
fever, chills, hypotension, tachycardia, malaise, muscle and joint pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and
headache
,**During IV infusions, monitor patient q15-30 minutes**
Which antibiotic is indicated to treat MRSA infection through IV administration? - correct
answers:Vancomycin [Vancocin]
**parenteral form used to treat bone, joint, and bacterial blood infections from staphylococcus spp.**
What are the most common adverse effects associated with Vancomycin drug administration? - correct
answers:Red man syndrome- flushing and itching of head, face, neck, and upper trunk area when drug is
infused too quickly
hypotension from drug being infused too quickly
additive neuromuscular blocking effects in patients taking neuromuscular blockers
**alleviate adverse effects by slowing rate of infusion of drug dose over 1 HOUR**
The health care provider MUST monitor serum drug levels to ensure therapeutic levels and prevent
toxicity during vancomycin drug administration. What are the inappropriate levels and associated
adverse effects? - correct answers:< 5 mcg/mL --> reduced antibacterial effect
> 50 mcg/mL --> ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
What is the drug mechanism of action of vancomycin? - correct answers:binds to bacterial cell wall -->
immediate inhibition of cell wall synthesis --> bacterial death
The oral drug form of vancomycin is indicated to treat which infection? - correct answers:C. Difficile and
staphylococcal enterocolitis
, poor absorption from GI tract
What is important before administering antibiotic drug therapy? - correct answers:It is ESSENTIAL to
obtain cultures from appropriate sites BEFORE beginning antibiotic therapy to identify the causative
organism and potential antibiotic susceptible to determine if empire therapy is effective for destroying
the bacteria
What is important when initiating treatment of Oseltamivir [Tamiflu] or Zanamivir [Relenza] indicated for
influenza infections? - correct answers:Treatment NEEDS to begin within TWO DAYS of symptom onset
What are the four stages of HIV infection according to the WHO model? - correct answers:1.
**Asymptomatic infection**
○ Few weeks or months after initial exposure to virus
○ Asymptomatic but show signs of lymphadenopathy
○ Virus is present in blood at low levels
2. **Early, general symptoms of disease**
○ Lymphadenopathy, fever, rash, sore throat, night sweats, malaise, diarrhea, idiopathic
thrombocytopenia, oral candiasis, shingles
○ Pt's own antibodies [HIV antibodies] appear in blood 3 wks. - 3 mo. Post exposure
3. **Moderate symptoms**
○ Weight loss, chronic diarrhea, fever, CD4 counts drop
4. **Severe symptoms --> death**
○ Increased viral replication --> increased destruction of helper T cells and CD4 counts [death = < 50
cells]
Which class of drugs [-QUINE] may be used in combination with sulfonamide, tetracycline, and
clindamycin for a synergistic or additive killing power? - correct answers:Antimalarial Drugs
Which antimalarial drug is used to treat malaria infections AND cardiac dysrhythmias by decreasing
excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscle? - correct answers:Quinidine
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