NURS 213 Midterm Study Guide Questions and
Correct Answers
1). Colostomy
Ans: an opening into the colon that permits feces to exit through the stoma
2). Constipation
Ans: the passage of a hard, dry stool
3). Enema
Ans: The introduction of fluid into the rectum and lower colon
4). Fecal impaction
Ans: collection in the rectum of hardened feces that cannot be passed
5). Fissure
Ans: a linear break on the margin of the anus
6). Flatus
Ans: intestinal gas
7). Flatulence
Ans: the accumulation of gas in the GI tract
8). Hemorrhoids
Ans: abnormally distended rectal veins
9). Ileostomy
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, Ans: opening into the small intestine allows fecal content from the ileum to be
eliminated through the stoma
10). Suppository
Ans: a conical or oval solid substance shaped for easy insertion into a body cavity
and designed to melt at body temperature
11). Paralytic ileus
Ans: paralysis of intestinal peristalsis
12). Stoma
Ans: artificial opening for waste excretion located on the body surface
13). Valsava maneuver
Ans: forcible exhalation against a closed glottis, resulting in increased intrathoracic
pressure
14). Factors that affect bowel elimination
Ans: developmental considerations
daily patterns
fluid and food
activity and muscle tone
lifestyle
psychological variables
pathologic conditions
medications
diagnostic studies
surgery and anesthesia
15). Developmental considerations
Ans: Age affects what a person eats, and the bodys ability to digest nutrients and
eliminate wastes
16). Daily patterns
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, Ans: frequency, timing considerations, position, and place
17). Food and fluid
Ans: type and amount eaten and amount of fluid ingested
18). Activity and muscle tone
Ans: exercise improves GI motility and muscle tone
19). Lifestyle
Ans: individual, family, and sociocultural (rituals, daily schedule, occupation)
Ans: fasting, ingestions of barium, bowel preparation for procedures
24). Surgery and anesthesia
Ans: paralytic ileus, opioids
25). Normal stool volume
Ans: Variable, it depends on the amount a person eats and the nature of their diet
26). Normal stool color
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, Ans: Infant: yellow to brown
Children to Adult: brown
27). Normal stool odor
Ans: pungent, may be affected by foods eaten
28). Normal stool consistency
Ans: soft, semisolid, and formed
29). Normal stool shape
Ans: formed stool is usually about 1 in (2.5 cm) in diameter and has the tubular shape
of the colon, but may be larger or smaller, depending on the condition of the colon
30). Normal stool constituents
Ans: Waste residues of digestion: bile, intestinal secretions, shed epithelial cells,
bacteria, and inorganic material (chiefly calcium and phosphates); seeds, meat fibers,
and fat may be present in small amounts
31). Warning signs of colon cancer
Ans: Rectal bleeding
Change in the bowel elimination pattern
Blood in the stool
Cramping pain in the lower abdomen
Ans: -Relieve constipation or fecal impaction
-Prevent involuntary escape of fecal material during surgical procedures
-Promote visualization of the intestinal tract by radiographic or instrument examination
-Help establish regular bowel function during a bowel-training program
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